تجليات الحقول الدلالیة للصفات الحسنة وغير الحسنة في أدعية الصحيفة السجادية (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
إنَّ الصحیفه السجّادیه مجموعه قیّمه من أدعیه الإمام السجّاد (ع) التی لها أهمیّه کبیره من الزوایا المختلفه الدینیه والأدبیه. وأحد طرق کشف المعانی ورسالات الإمام المکنونه فیها هو الاستفاده من نظریات علم اللغه والحقول الدلالیه. فالحقل الدلالی هو الذی یقید العلاقات بین الکلمات، بغیه فهم معناها وعلاقتها بالمفهوم العام، بعباره أخری أنَّ نظریه الحقول الدلالیه ترى أنّ المعانی لاتوجد منعزله الواحده تلو الأخرى فی الذهن، ولإدراکها لابدّ من ربط کل معنى منها بمعنى أو معانٍ أخرى.کل هذه الأسباب مجتمعه دفعنا للخوض فی دراسه ألفاظ الأخلاق وفقا لنظریه الحقول الدلالیه، ببحث موسوم ب الحقول الدلالیه لألفاظ الأخلاق الصحیفه السجادیه أنموذجاً. تکمن أهمیّه البحث من شرف موضوعه، حیث إنَّ مادّته الأساس تتعلق بألفاظ الأخلاق التی وردت فی الصحیفه السجادیه والتی تعد قمه عقائدیه وأخلاقیه فی بناء الأمه الإسلامیه ومبتغاها. استفاض الباحث بشرح الحقول الدلالیه لألفاظ الأخلاق فی الصفیحه السجادیه وإبراز جمالیات اللفظه فقد انحصرت ألفاظ الأخلاق عند الإمام السجّاد (ع) فی دائرتین دلالیتین هما الحُسْن والقُبْح، فإذن العلاقات الدلالیه للأخلاق فی الصحیفه السجّادیه تعدّ بمثابه المرآه التی تعکس مضامین النصّ الأدبی عند المبدع.قد احتوى الحقل الدلالی للأخلاق الحسنه فی الصحیفه السجّادیه للإمام (ع) دوائر کثیره، تأتی دائره الحمد والشکر على رأسها کما ارتفع تکرار ألفاظ أخرى کثیره بنسب متفاوته، منها: الاعتذار، طلب العفو، الصدق، العفه، الطیبه، الکتمان، الحصانه، القول الحسن، وطلب الستر، والوقایه، والتضرع. أمّا الحقل الدلالی للألفاظ المرتبطه بالأخلاق المنهی عنها المذکوره فی الصفیحه السجّادیه والتی تبرز المعنى الدقیق للکلمه من خلال وجودها مع العائله اللغویه التی تنتمی إلیها، فعائله التفاخر تحتوی کذلک التباهی والغرور والتکبر والصلف والصلفه.Semantic Domains of Good and Bad Personal Traits: Analysis in Supplications of al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya
Al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya is a valuable collection of supplications attributed to Imam Sajjad (AS), which is deemed to be of great significance from various religious and literary aspects. The supplications are considered to contain a plethora of hidden notions and concepts, the deciphering of which can benefit from linguistic approaches. As such, the purpose of the current research was to compressively examine its semantic domains and its artistic and aesthetic elements. It sought to provide solutions for the following two research questions: 1) How are positive personal traits represented in the supplications al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya? 2) How are negative traits reflected therein?The importance of the present study is in examining the semantic areas that help the audience better and more deeply understand what Imam Sajjad (AS) was seeking to address in the supplications of Sahifa Sajjadiyya.The field of vocabulary can be divided into the main semantic dimension related to the kinship field, the main notions from which include kinship, alienation, breaking off family ties, justice, honoring parents, ungratefulness, and disobedience to mother, among others. The second semantic field is that of justice and includes notions of justice, equality, and rightfulness. In the semantic field of the sense of honesty and truth, there lie notions such as honesty, faithfulness, sincerity, and faithfulness to the promise, all of which pertain to the domain of positive personal attributes. On the other end of the spectrum lie the negative personal traits, which contain notions from various fields, yet collectively include notions of lies, arrogance, and immorality, among others. Al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya, called the Psalms of Islam, is of high value in the literature of religion and especially in the literature of prayer, and Imam Zain al-Abidin (AS) was determined to outline its structure and introduce its types based on specific formulations, as he is perceived by many to have presented the contents of the supplications with a remarkable artistic language. This being said, Imam Sajjad (AS) has employed rather straightforward and easy-to-understand words and terms to convey understandable notions. The language of Imam's selected vocabulary is evident in all the words that imply moral meanings. As such, two broad semantic areas are addressed in the book, namely 1) semantic areas of terms representing positive personal traits, and 2) semantic areas of terms representing negative personal traits.The semantic field of positive personal traits in al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya is shown to cover a wide range, within which the domain of praise and gratitude stands, and includes notions of apology, forgiveness, sincerity, chastity, kindness, clandestineness, insusceptibility, good speech, and call for divinity. The scope of positive personal traits consists of the most prominent moral and spiritual qualities that are evident in the personality of the Holy Prophet (PBUH), as he calls his audience to have and adhere to many human values that are celebrated by the greats.The semantic field of the notions on indecent negative personal traits in the book mostly pertains to the relationship between oneself and God. Al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya is also a great repository of knowledge and a comprehensive encyclopedia of all kinds of prayers and valuable soliloquies. The linguistic style of Imam Sajjad (AS) has unique and distinct aesthetics to it, fortified by his way of using words creatively and harmoniously together, and accompanied by his greatly-honed language skills.
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