مسکن سالم در ایران: یک مرور نظام مند و فراتحلیل (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
بیان مسئله: مسکن سالم، به عنوان یکی از نیازهای اساسی بشر، نقش مهمی در تأمین رفاه جسمی و روانی دارد. با این حال، تحقیقات مربوط به مسکن سالم در ایران به طور کامل و جامع مورد توجه قرار نگرفته است و مطالعات موجود با مشکلاتی در تعریف و بررسی این مفهوم مواجه هستند. این مطالعه با استفاده از رویکرد فراتحلیل، به بررسی و تحلیل جامع تحقیقات انجام شده در زمینه مسکن سالم در ایران می پردازد.هدف: هدف اصلی این پژوهش، ارائه یک نمای کلی و عمیق از وضعیت پژوهش های مرتبط با مسکن سالم در ایران و کمک به تصمیم گیرندگان و پژوهشگران در بهبود کیفیت مسکن و سلامت عمومی است.روش: این مطالعه به عنوان پژوهشی کاربردی و تفسیری با رویکرد کیفی و روش شناسی تحلیل محتوا طبقه بندی می شود. داده ها از طریق روش های اسنادی و بر مبنای منابع متنی جمع آوری شده است. برای شناسایی مطالعات مرتبط، جستجوهایی در پایگاه های علمی مانند ایرانداک، گوگل اسکالر، مگیران و علم نت با استفاده از کلیدواژه های مرتبط انجام شد که منجر به شناسایی 147 سند علمی شد. پس از حذف 60 مورد تکراری و 36 مورد نامرتبط، 50 مطالعه به مرحله غربالگری وارد شد و در نهایت، 12 منبع برای تحلیل نهایی انتخاب شد.یافته ها: بررسی 12 سند علمی نشان می دهد که مطالعات در این زمینه شامل پایان نامه ها و مقالات علمی است. نتایج نشان می دهند که پژوهش های مربوط به «مسکن سالم» در ایران از اواخر دهه 80 شمسی آغاز شده و تا سال 1396 روند ثابتی داشته، اما از سال 1396 تا 1402 کاهش یافته است. محدودیت های روش شناختی مانند عدم استفاده از چارچوب های نظری منسجم و تکیه بر پرسشنامه های محقق ساخته، و کمبود تنوع در روش های تحلیل محتوا و مرور سیستماتیک، به کاهش اعتبار و جامعیت یافته ها منجر شده است.نتیجه گیری: علی رغم اهمیت نظری مسکن سالم، پژوهش های انجام شده نتوانسته اند به طور شایسته به این موضوع بپردازند. ناکامی های مذکور به سیاست های مسکن و تمرکز بر کمیت به جای کیفیت مرتبط است. نتیجه گیری مطالعه بر لزوم توجه به شکاف های اساسی در تحققات مسکن سالم و نیاز به ارتقای کیفیت روش شناسی و سیاست گذاری مبتنی بر شواهد تأکید می کند. نتیجه گیری مطالعه حاضر بر لزوم توجه به شکاف ها و کاستی های اساسی در حوزه تحقیقات مسکن سالم تأکید می کند. به ویژه، نیاز به تلاش های هماهنگ برای رفع محدودیت های روش شناختی، ایجاد سازگاری های مفهومی و توجه به ابعاد کیفی بسیار ضروری است. برای ارتقای کیفیت مسکن و بهبود نتایج سلامت عمومی در ایران، ضروری است که پژوهشگران و سیاست گذاران بر روی این کمبودها تمرکز کنند و مداخلات سیاستی مبتنی بر شواهد را بهبود بخشند.Healthy Housing in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Introduction: Healthy housing, as one of the fundamental human needs, plays a crucial role in ensuring physical and mental well-being. In Iran, despite the importance of this issue, research related to healthy housing has not received adequate attention, and existing studies have faced challenges in defining the concept of healthy housing. This study employs a meta-analytic approach to comprehensively review and analyze the research conducted on healthy housing in Iran, identifying the strengths and weaknesses of these studies and the main trends and challenges. The ultimate goal of this research is to provide a comprehensive and precise overview of the state of research on healthy housing in Iran, which can assist policymakers and researchers in making informed decisions and improving housing quality and public health.Methodology: This study is categorized as an applied, interpretive research with a qualitative approach and content analysis methodology, aimed at providing a comprehensive overview of research conducted in healthy housing. Data collection was carried out through documentary methods and based on text sources.Meta-analysis, a powerful tool for synthesizing knowledge within a research domain, involves several stages, including sample selection, extraction and synthesis of themes, and evaluation of research quality. To identify relevant studies, searches were conducted in academic databases such as IranDoc, Google Scholar, Magiran, and Elmnet using the keywords “housing”, “healthy city”, and “healthy housing”, resulting in the identification of 147 scholarly documents, including theses and research articles. After excluding duplicate (60 cases) and irrelevant studies (36 cases), 50 studies were screened; ultimately, 12 sources were selected for final analysis.Results: To evaluate the studies conducted in the field of healthy housing, all 12 identified scientific documents up to the time of writing this research were examined in terms of type, publication period, and publication location. These studies included theses, scientific-research articles, and scientific-specialized articles. Six of these studies were university theses from universities such as Yazd, Guilan, Mohaghegh Ardabili, Shahid Beheshti, and Iran University of Science and Technology. The articles published in scientific research and scientific-specialized journals included only a few articles in this domain. Despite the importance of the topic, healthy housing studies in Iran have not received sufficient attention from domestic researchers.The review showed that the earliest studies on healthy housing began in the late 2000s and continued until 2023. However, there has been a declining trend since 2017. These studies have primarily focused on the cities of Ardabil, Mashhad, Daran, Yazd, Tehran, Zabol, Babol, Nazarabad, and Eslamshahr. From a methodological perspective, all studies followed a descriptive-analytical model and lacked methodological diversity. This limitation has resulted in the absence of content analysis and systematic review, thus not providing a deep and comprehensive understanding of the subject of healthy housing. Additionally, data collection tools were mostly limited to documentary-library methods, with less attention given to questionnaires, observations, interviews, and focus groups. Findings indicate that 25% of the studies calculated the reliability of their measurement tools. However, the failure to calculate reliability in the remaining studies has led to issues such as inaccurate measurements and unreliable results. Furthermore, seven out of the twelve reviewed studies had a conceptual model. The lack of a conceptual framework can reduce the accuracy of findings and lead to their misinterpretation. The dimensions of healthy housing examined included physical-structural, social, economic, environmental, demographic, and quality-of-life aspects. These dimensions refer to the tangible and structural features of housing, economic impacts, social interactions, environmental conditions, and suitability for different demographic needs. While the studies conducted in this field have focused more on key dimensions, due to the lack of a coherent theoretical framework and reliance on researcher-made questionnaires, all various dimensions of healthy housing have not been fully covered.Discussion: This study provides an in-depth analysis of the research status regarding healthy housing in Iran, critically examining both the strengths and weaknesses present. A prominent issue addressed by this research is the significant disparities in the conceptualization of healthy housing within domestic studies. The findings reveal that despite the importance of this topic, research in Iran has not adequately and comprehensively addressed various dimensions of healthy housing. These shortcomings are particularly attributed to the prevailing policies in the housing sector and the emphasis on quantity over quality in policy and program formulation. In other words, the insufficient focus on the quality of housing and its theoretical aspects indicates a profound gap between the actual needs of society and the research focus, which fails to effectively support the improvement of housing quality and public health. Methodologically, the examination of the 12 available scholarly documents, including student theses and research articles, reveals significant limitations. These limitations include the lack of coherent theoretical frameworks and the predominant reliance on researcher-developed questionnaires, which, in turn, have diminished the validity and comprehensiveness of the research findings. Additionally, the limited use of content analysis and systematic review methods, especially in existing research, highlights a lack of diversity and depth in the methodologies employed. These issues indicate the need for a reevaluation of research methods and the adoption of stronger theoretical frameworks and standard tools to enhance the quality of studies and policymaking related to healthy housing.Conclusion: This study examines the state of research on healthy housing in Iran, analyzing both the strengths and weaknesses of existing studies. The findings reveal significant disparities in addressing the concept of healthy housing within domestic research, suggesting that prevailing housing policies and a greater focus on quantity rather than quality have exacerbated this situation. By analyzing 12 scholarly documents, including theses and research articles, this study explores various dimensions of healthy housing and identifies methodological limitations and a lack of diversity in research approaches. These limitations include the absence of a cohesive theoretical framework and an over-reliance on researcher-developed questionnaires. Additionally, the status of housing indicators in Iranian cities has been reported as generally unfavorable. The study underscores the need to address fundamental gaps and deficiencies in healthy housing research and emphasizes the importance of improving methodological rigor and evidence-based policymaking.
تبلیغات
