girls

Objective: The present study aimed to predict loneliness based on the perceived parenting styles and parent-child conflict resolution tactics in adolescent girls.Methods: The research used a descriptive-correlational method. The research participants included girls aged 14 to 18 in the lower and upper secondary schools of the east of Tehran in the academic year of 2021-2022. A total of 267 samples were selected using multi-stage cluster sampling. The participants responded to the Loneliness Scale (UCLA) by Russell (1996), the Parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ) by Buri (1991), and the Parent-Child Conflict Scale by Fine, Moreland & Schwebel (1983), which were presented online by teachers and researchers.Results: Based on the data analysis results, authoritative parenting style(R=-.341) at the level (p <.01).  inversely and authoritarian parenting style directly (R=.339) at the level (p <.01) predicted loneliness. Among conflict resolution tactics, reasoning inversely(R=-.180) at the level (p <.01), verbal aggression (R=.359) at the level (p <.01), and physical aggression (R=.223) at the level (p <.01) directly predicted loneliness. Additionally, the perceived parenting style and parent-child conflict resolution tactics greatly affected loneliness in adolescent girls.Conclusion: Teaching authoritative parenting style and conflict resolution tactics prevented loneliness. Meanwhile, the development of interventions and ensuring parental participation had a significant effect on the reduction and prevention of loneliness.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to predict psychological pain based on emotional expression with the mediation of fear of intimacy in girls with emotional breakup experience. Methods: The research design was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational in terms of method. The statistical population of the study included girls aged 20 to 35 with emotional breakup experience in Tehran in 2020, of whom 392 were selected using the convenience sampling method. They responded to the Auerbach and Mikulincer (2003) Mental Pain Questionnaire, the King and Emmons (1990) Emotional Expression Questionnaire, and the Descutner and Thelen (1991) Fear of Intimacy Scale. Data were analyzed using structural equations and SPSS and AMOS software. Findings: The findings showed that the direct path coefficient of fear of intimacy (ß = 0.15, p < 0.01) to psychological pain was positive and significant, but the path coefficients of the types of emotional expression to psychological pain were not significant (p > 0.05). The direct path coefficients of positive emotional expression (ß = -0.10, p < 0.05) and expression of intimacy (ß = -0.15, p < 0.01) to fear of intimacy were negative and significant, while the path coefficient of negative emotional expression (ß = 0.15, p < 0.01) to fear of intimacy was positive and significant. The indirect path coefficients of the types of emotional expression to psychological pain in girls with emotional breakup experience through fear of intimacy were not significant (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The results indicated that although fear of intimacy neutralized the effects of different types of emotional expression on psychological pain in girls with emotional breakup experience, it did not mediate the relationship between the types of emotional expression.