open education

According to the purpose of the research, this article analyzes educational systems based on open education: challenges and opportunities in the field of learning. This method of teaching and learning is one of the new educational methods used in open university. Due to the use of electronic tools, higher education is moving away from its traditional form and moving towards distance learning and education. This research was descriptive and qualitative method was used to collect information. In this research, the researcher introduces educational systems based on open education, and the search and collection of information was done by studying documents, libraries, and searching for various written and digital sources. It was analyzed by software. The obtained results show that this education started under the name of correspondence education in the first decade of 1700 AD and has passed through five generations until today. In addition to its advantages, open education has many challenges. These challenges were summarized in eight and 80 features. Undoubtedly, in order to achieve an open and favorable higher education system, one should try to examine the challenges in this field and then by removing the limitations and turning them into opportunities, he took a big step in the direction of the higher development of open education.

The present study aims to investigate the technical and non-technical patterns of the curriculum in open and distance learning generations in order to identify the position of these foundations in the field of opinion and action. Decision-making in curriculum planning has a wide range and various groups are seeking to influence and participate in decisions related to curriculum planning. The research approach was descriptive-analytical and the strategy was qualitative and documentary. Curriculum planning is the process of predicting and preparing a set of learning opportunities for a specific population in order to achieve educational goals and objectives. This type of approach is applicable in technical curriculum planning. Another approach in curriculum planning is spontaneous decision-making and unplanned approach, which relates the planning process to the interactions between teachers and students. According to these two perspectives, a technical and non-technical approach to curriculum planning has emerged. Therefore, the teacher should select a small and limited framework of the curriculum process as a model and analyze and identify it in order to organize their educational activities in an appropriate situation and within the scope of that framework. In the present article, an overview of technical and non-technical curriculum patterns regarding educational requirements in the context of open and distance learning generations has been explored. The results in the curriculum patterns section support these patterns in the technical patterns section, including the Tyler model, and in the non-technical patterns section, including the Pinar model.