values

Strategic policy is tantamount to a method for foreign policy analysis. The foreign and strategic policies of Iran have been in line with multilateral cooperation in regional crises. The key indicators of Iran’s policy comprise mechanisms of identity and revolutionary actions in international and regional relations. Iran’s strategic policy has generally been formed on the pillars of multilateral cooperation with regional countries and in line with the unity of the Muslim world. Iran has accepted many of the rules of the Westphalian system, and has therefore based its strategic policy orientation on the doctrine of adaptability to the world order. Iran’s policy of managing regional crises has generally been based on cultural tenets, historical experiences and structural consequences. Each of the latter components has played a crucial role in Iran’s Westphalian order paradigm for protecting the territories of other countries. The experiences gained by Iran during the Holy Defense [Iran-Iraq War] and its acceptance of the United Nations Security Council Resolution 598 are indicative of the fact that Iran has employed pragmatic mechanisms with regard to regional conservative countries. Iran’s nuclear diplomacy can be regarded as another sign of its structural action which aims to deter threats and manage crises. The acceptance of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action and Iran’s efforts toward peacemaking in the regional order of the Persian Gulf and Middle East can be considered as actions taken by Iran toward confronting terrorist groups and organizing regional order under such circumstances as violence, crises and chaos.

In recent decades, lifestyle has been one of the most important concepts in marketing, and management studies. Hence, this study aimed to identify the values and lifestyles of Iranian consumers. According to Cochran’s formula, 1580 people were selected as the statistical sample. Eighteen values were identified by examining the theoretical foundations and interviewing 77 Iranian citizens. The data collected by Likert-scale questionnaire were evaluated using R software, clustering method. Considering the importance of Iranian values, three clusters were identified: “normal lifestyle,” “phlegmatic lifestyle,” and “ideal lifestyle.” This study is one of the first attempts to create a general typology of Iranian consumers based on values and lifestyle and focusing on cultural, ideological and belief differences of Iranian consumers. Researchers are suggested to take advantage of the lifestyles identified in this research in order to identify and deeply understand the consumption behaviors specific to each style in different markets.

Iran's transitioning society, in the face of extensive social, cultural, economic and political changes in recent decades, has been exposed to wide differences in terms of values and behavior among the new generations. Such developments require the special attention of policymakers and government macro-planners. The present article is written with the aim of explaining the level of attention of macro policymakers to generational changes in the form of development plans. The theoretical framework of this article is derived from the approach of Bourdieu's theory of generational conflict, based on attention to the unbalanced distribution of power and wealth resources among generations. This research examines the laws of development programs with an institutional approach and examines the extent of the development program's attention to the transfer of values to reduce the generational gap, as well as the attention of development programs to the balanced distribution of resources and facilities to prevent the deepening of the generational gap. . The results of the research show that in both dimensions of transferring values and trying to distribute resources and create social justice, several policy development programs have been formulated and approved.. . ..Key words: generational changes, development plans, generation gap, values.

The tripartite V3SK model, integrating values, skills, and knowledge, has been explored in various educational contexts but remains underutilized in English language teaching. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the V3SK model on Iranian high school students’ grammar achievement using an explanatory mixed-methods design. Participants included 43 high school teachers and 452 pre-intermediate level students, selected based on standardized placement tests. Teachers were randomly divided into groups of experimental (N = 22) and control (N = 21). The experimental group participated in 15 training sessions focused on the V3SK model dimensions. Subsequently, students from both groups completed a researcher-designed grammar pretest and received 20 sessions of instruction over three months, followed by a posttest. Quantitative data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U tests, revealing significantly higher grammar achievement in the experimental group. Qualitative thematic analysis of interviews with 15 experimental group teachers identified 11 themes that explain the model's contributions, including enhanced motivation, innovative teaching, and differentiated instruction. These findings underscore the V3SK model's potential for improving grammar instruction in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) settings, offering valuable insights for teacher education and curriculum development.