Jassim Mohamed Brieg

Background: The availability of advanced digital technology and evolving need for high speed and low latency connections have put pressures on the existing optical fiber networks. New technologies like the Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM), Photonic Integrated Circuits (PICs), Mode Division Multiplexing (MDM) and Quantum Communication will be valuable towards the achievement of these demands. Objective: The study examines the capability, expansiveness, and cost-effectiveness of current and emerging optical fiber systems for the development of future Internet technology. The research also seeks to assess these formations to improve data transmission rates, network response time, secure and efficient networks’ solutions. Methods: This is a mixed methods study where both experimental and computational data were collected and analyzed accompanied by theoretical insight. The results that were compared included transmission rate, spectral efficiency, signal integrity and lifecycle costs. Specific work was done on multi-band WDM, PIC-based systems, optical QKD along with simulation studies on large scalable multi-core and mode-division architectures. Results: The article samples acknowledge improved network capabilities with increased transits per watt by 300% in multi-band WDM and reduction of latency levels by employing edge computing. The tested PIC-based systems were shown to be more efficient than the comparable existing systems and quantum communication proved to be reliable method for transmitting data over short to medium distances. Conclusion: Today, it can be stated that the advanced optical fiber technologies are of great value for the construction of high speed, large bandwidth and secure Internet connection. Their integration can reportedly conquer future connectivity issues but new development is required to come over the barriers of deployment and sustainability.

Background: In the article, the author explores the possibilities of Open Radio Access Network (Open RAN) as a revolutionary idea to democratize telecom networks. Objective: The study aims to compare the efficiency, cost, flexibility, scalability, and performance of Open RAN against conventional RAN systems. Methods: The study used simulation, cost modeling and execution of real-world case studies with support from Rakuten Mobile, Vodafone, Telefónica, MTN, and DISH Network. The approach also employed prescriptive analytics to evaluate the deployment of relatively new paradigms like blockchain and AI into Open RAN environments. Results: The study shows that Open RAN leads to substantial CAPEX and OPEX cost saving with a further enhancement in the key network performance metric such as latency by 20% and throughputs by 25%. Additional improvements of 30% demonstrate that Open RAN is also an environmentally friendly solution. The validations also showed how it could expand to both heavily populated large cities and sparsely populated rural areas to improve both coverage and mobility. Conclusion: However, some of the disadvantages that surfaced include; the problem of compatibility, high costs of implementation in the initial stages, and compliance with set regulatory standards. These underscore the need for standardized and coherent protocols and frameworks to enable widespread implementation. Open RAN is highly transformative in modern telecommunications due to the fact that it is affordable, expandable and eco-friendly. Due to its Flexible/Modular design in combination with advanced technologies, it acts as key enabler for future networks such as 5G, 6G and more and tackles Global connectivity and efficiency problems.