Samer Saeed Issa

Background: Blockchain, mainly known for supporting cryptocurrencies, has a much broader role, as seen in this paper. These fundamental features of decentralization and immutability guarantee improved security and transparency in multiple spheres of human life. Objective: The article seeks to review current literature on new prospects of using blockchain as a secure way of sharing data with the purpose of establishing its advantages and disadvantages in this field. Methods: Relevant academic articles and papers published in the last 5 years were considered, and research cases of blockchain applications in numerous fields including healthcare, finance, supply chain, etc. This incorporates a review of blockchain within the capacity of data integrity, confidentiality, and availability. Results: The results show that blockchain can greatly improve the security and credibility of data in data sharing by reducing common vulnerability and offering reliable traceability. The technology ensures safe transactions of data and minimizes the possibilities of manipulation of data in fields which involve sensitive data processes. Conclusion: Opportunities for the blockchain for secure data sharing are demonstrated across several industries through current advancements. However, it also has limitations that includes size ability, compatibility and legislation issues which still has to be solved. The study should therefore consider the following recommendations about the barriers outlined above in order to enhance the application of blockchain in secure data sharing in the future.

Background: Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) has turned into a crucial point for secure communication in the era of quantum networks. Quantum key distribution provides the client with a theoretically secure key by taking advantage of the principles of quantum mechanics to counteract what could be posed by quantum computing to classical cryptography. Photons are lost in the system and there are some limitations which don’t allow scalability and integration with already existing networks. Objective: The study seeks to assess the viability of QKD systems, review some of the challenges associated with it, and investigate possible methods of utilizing both QKD and PQC to cope with new security threats in telecommunication industry. Methods: An in-depth analysis was made based on the experimental observations of key generation rates, photon loss, error correction, data throughput, and latency. Performance of quantum repeaters was experimented with for the purposes of measuring distance improvement abilities. A combined QKD-PQC approach was assessed for integrated integration for restricted settings. Results: QKD was seen to have high security and high performance in short distances and when quantum repeaters were implemented the distance could be greatly enhanced. In the QKD-PQC model, the rate of error correction, throughput, and scalability was noticed to be higher than in standalone QKD. Challenges that faced the work were photon loss, processing latency, and system vulnerabilities. Conclusion: New opportunities for secure communication are opened with QKD supported by quantum repeaters and hybrid cryptographic approaches. The technical and operational issues need to be resolved to realize the potential role of B3G evolution in enabling global telecommunications for the mass market.