خوانش چند گِل مُهر ساسانی (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
گِل مُهرها یا بستر و زمینه گلی اثرهای برگرفته از مُهرها از دوران پیش از تاریخ تا سده های نخست دوران اسلامی همواره از اسناد بسیار مهم باستان شناختی بشمار می آیند، و با اینکه بستر نابودی آنها فراهم است، وانگهی همان اندازه که از آنها بر جای مانده است در بازشناسی زندگی مادی و معنوی مردمان آن روزگاران بسیار کلیدی و کارگشایند. گِل مُهرها یکی از مهم ترین آثار باستانی برجای مانده روزگار پُربار فرهنگی- تاریخی ساسانیان هستند. این یافته ها از ارزنده ترین منابع باستان شناختی و پژوهش های میان رشته ای با رشته های تاریخ، تاریخ هنر، تاریخ خط و نوشتار، و شناخت جغرافیای دیوانسالاری، نام های بزرگان و جایگاه های آنان است. گِل مُهرها هم در امور دیوانسالاری، هم در امور کشوری و لشکری، داد و ستد کالاها و بازرگانی بکار می رفته اند. هدف این پژوهش بررسی و خوانش نبشته های پارسیگ(پهلوی ساسانی) برجای مانده بر گل مهرها و نیز واکاوی نگاره های این گِل مُهرها است. روش گردآوری مطالب برای نوشتن این مقاله میدانی- کتابخانه ای است، و خوانش نبشته ها از سوی نویسندگان این مقاله انجام پذیرفته است. گفتنی ست که همه این گِل مُهرها از یک مجموعه شخصی است، و شوربختانه بدون شناسنامه محل کشف است، از این روی نمی توان گاهشماری دقیقی بر روی آن ها انجام داد.The Reading of some Sasanian Clay Seals
The Clay Seals or the trace of the Clays are the Seals from the Prehistoric times to the First Centuries of the Islamic Era which are the important Archaeological Documents. Although the ground for their destruction is ready, what remains of them is very useful in recognizing the material and spiritual life of the past people. Sassanid Clay Seals are one of the most important works left from this rich cultural-historical period. These works are one of the most important sources of Archeology and the study of Iran, as well as researches related to art history, history of Calligraphy and knowledge of administrative Geography, proper names and titles of responsibility of individuals. Seal Impression both in administrative affairs, in political affairs and in trade were used. The purpose of this research is to study and read the inscriptions and also to study the role of the ingredients of these clay seals. The method of collecting information is field-library and the reading of the inscriptions was done by the author of this article. It should be noted that the clay seals of this collection are from a private collection and do not have a birth certificate of the place of discovery, so it is not possible to date them precisely. Keywords: Clay Seal, Sassanid, Inscription, Seal Impression, Archaeological Documents Introduction The clay seals or the clay background of the works which taken from seals have always been considered very important archaeological documents from prehistoric times to the first centuries of the Islamic era. Although the basis for their destruction is ready, the amount of them remain important and useful in recognizing the material and spiritual life of the people of those times. One of the periods in which clay seals are of great importance is the Sassanid era (Nowruzzadeh Chegini, 2005, p. 13) Sassanid seal clays are clay blocks with various sizes that were made during sealing documents and goods, and while still wet and soft, a number of seals were affixed to them in specific ceremonial and legal arrangements and in various sizes. If these clay blocks were left raw, they would soon be destroyed, and if they were baked, they would be more stable and durable. Examples have been show that these clay seals were baked, but it is not clear when and how they were baked. A study of the ancient sites where these clay seals were found to show that widespread fires occurred in warehouses and storage areas in ancient times. However, there is no clear answer as to whether these fires occurred consciously or unconsciously (ibid., p. 14). A large number of Sassanid clay seals have been found in Iran from various provinces, most of which have been studied and published by Western researchers (Gignoux §Gyselen, 1987). The seals were made of raw clay, kneaded by hand, and were mostly round, and it is believed that they were tied to the goods with string to identify them. In a large catalog, most of the seals are the same in terms of shape and color. Among the largest collections of Sassanid seals, we can mention the treasure found in Takht-e-Solomon (Dariush Akbarzadeh et al., 2019, 141). Materials & Methods The strategy of this research is to introduce, document, read the inscriptions, and examine the images of these clay seals. The method of collecting materials for writing this article is field-library, and the reading of the inscriptions was done by the authors of this article. It is worth mentioning that all these clay seals are from a personal collection, and unfortunately, they are without an identification document of the place of discovery, so it is not possible to make an accurate chronology on them. Discussion & Result This study was conducted using clay seals from Takht-e-Solomon, which were examined and processed
تبلیغات
