توسعه الگوی تامین مالی جمعی در سازمان های حمایتی (مورد مطالعه: صندوق امداد ولایت استان مازندران) (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
تأمین منابع مالی پایدار یکی از مسائل اساسی سازمان های حمایتی است که به دلیل مشکلات اقتصادی، کاهش اعتماد عمومی و رقابت با سایر نهادهای خیریه با محدودیت هایی مواجه است. تأمین مالی جمعی به عنوان یک رویکرد نوین، امکان جذب سرمایه از طریق مشارکت عمومی را فراهم می کند و می تواند کمبودهای مالی این سازمان ها را جبران کند. پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی و تدوین الگوی تأمین مالی جمعی در سازمان های حمایتی، به ویژه صندوق امداد ولایت، انجام شده است. این پژوهش با استفاده از روش کیفی و تحلیل مضمون انجام شده و داده های آن از طریق مصاحبه های نیمه ساختاریافته با ۱۱ مدیر و کارشناس صندوق امداد ولایت و کمیته امداد امام خمینی (ره) جمع آوری شده است. تحلیل داده ها با روش شش مرحله ای براون و کلارک انجام و الگوی نهایی استخراج شد. یافته ها نشان می دهد چالش های فناورانه، منابع انسانی، اقتصادی، رقابت، تبلیغات و اعتماد عمومی از موانع اصلی تأمین مالی جمعی هستند. همچنین، برقراری ارتباط با سازمان های مادر، مزیت رقابتی، توسعه برنامه های مشارکتی و شفافیت به عنوان راهکارهای مؤثر شناسایی شدند.الگوی پیشنهادی این پژوهش می تواند به عنوان ابزاری راهبردی برای تسهیل جذب سرمایه و افزایش مشارکت عمومی در سازمان های حمایتی استفاده شود.Developing a Crowdfunding Model for Support Organizations (Case Study: Mazandaran Province Emdad Velayat Interest-Free Fund)
Introduction The provision of sustainable financial resources represents a fundamental challenge for support organizations. Economic constraints, diminishing public trust, and heightened competition with other charitable institutions constitute significant limiting factors. Crowdfunding, as an innovative financial mechanism, enables the mobilization of capital through public engagement and may serve to address the fiscal challenges confronting these organizations. This study aims to examine and develop a crowdfunding model specifically tailored for support organizations, with particular emphasis on the Velayat Relief Fund. A qualitative research design and content analysis approach were employed, utilizing data collected through semi-structured interviews with experts affiliated with the Velayat Relief Fund and the Imam Khomeini Relief Committee. Data analysis was conducted in accordance with Braun and Clarke's six-phase thematic analysis, culminating in the formulation of a final model. The results indicate that technological barriers, human resource limitations, economic factors, competition, advertising, and public trust comprise the principal obstacles to effective crowdfunding. Identified strategies for overcoming these challenges include fostering communication with parent organizations, capitalizing on competitive advantages, designing participatory programs, and ensuring transparency. The model advanced by this study functions as a strategic instrument to facilitate capital acquisition and to enhance public participation within support organizations. Research Method In this study, a qualitative method is chosen for several reasons, including the complexity of the subject and the lack of applied research in the desired field. Given the objectives of this research, various methods are employed, including documentary and library research, as well as qualitative techniques such as interviews and thematic analysis. Thematic analysis involves identifying patterns and themes in qualitative data, a method introduced by Brown and Clark (Keykha and Towfighi, 2021) and emphasized for its application in research. Thematic analysis is considered a method rather than a methodology, making it advantageous for teaching and learning. Unlike other qualitative methods, it is not reliant on specific theories and assumptions. The study's population consisted of 11 experts from the Relief Committee and the Provincial Relief Fund, each with at least 3 years of finance experience in public participation or specifically within the Provincial Relief Fund. Experts and motivated participants were chosen to ensure the research's validity, with input from professors and university experts in crowdfunding. To ensure the reliability of the qualitative findings, the researcher's opinions and suggestions from relevant experts are utilized. Test-retest reliability was employed to assess the reliability of the interviews. This involved coding select interviews twice within a specific time frame to compare the themes identified. The test-retest method helped evaluate the consistency of the researcher's identification by marking themes as either "agreement" or "disagreement" based on their similarity across time intervals. Results The results of this study reveal that crowdfunding faces numerous challenges, including human resources, technology, laws and regulations, economic conditions, competition, advertising and awareness, and public trust. Each of these challenges hinders the establishment of a successful crowdfunding model. The findings of this study align with those of Amirbeik et al. (2021), highlighting the significant impact of insufficient public awareness and unfavorable economic conditions on reducing charitable financial contributions. Similar studies emphasize the effective advertising and building public trust importance in attracting financial support. Factors such as establishing communication with parent organizations, leveraging competitive advantages, developing participatory programs, and ensuring transparency through regular reporting are found to significantly impact financial support. To strengthen donor motivation, strategies such as expert negotiation, customer orientation, offering attractive incentives, and providing diverse high-quality services are recommended. The financial transparency and regular reporting importance in increasing public trust and facilitating crowdfunding were also underscored by Hassanzadeh Sarvestani et al. (2018). Organizational agility, achieved through human resource development, a comprehensive national plan, and structural and strategic development, is identified as crucial for crowdfunding success. These findings are consistent with the findings of Hassanzadeh Sarvestani et al. (2018), which highlight the impact of agility and operational independence on charity financing efficiency. Effective strategies for raising public awareness include media advertising, press advertising, environmental advertising, field activities, and fundraising campaigns. These methods align with the findings of Azneb et al. (2017), who emphasize the social media and targeted advertising role in increasing awareness and attracting financial support. Conclusion Overall, the findings of this study show that success in crowdfunding requires the Provincial Relief Fund to adopt a comprehensive and multidimensional approach in addition to identifying existing challenges. Employing effective strategies in the field of interaction with parent organizations, creating a competitive advantage, developing participatory programs, promoting financial transparency, targeted advertising, and organizational agility can provide the basis for attracting more financial support. Additionally, creating legal and technological infrastructures along with continuous trust-building are other effective factors in ensuring the success of this process. Accordingly, it is suggested that policymakers and managers in this field, in addition to relying on local capacities, also utilize successful global experiences and the capabilities of new technologies and social media to enhance the crowdfunding process. Employing creative content strategies, such as producing video content, sharing success stories, and maintaining up-to-date plans, can further enhance trust and attract financial support. Practical suggestions for improving crowdfunding in the Provincial Relief Fund, based on the analyses conducted and research findings, include strengthening the financial transparency system and regular reporting, employing new technologies and online platforms, increasing public awareness and trust through targeted advertising, empowering human resources and training the negotiation team, timing in holding negotiation meetings with donors, and strengthening public relations and programs to honor donors.
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