اثر کیفیت زندگی بر رفتارهای حامی محیط زیست (مطالعل موردی: نواحی روستایی شهرستان کوار) (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
با آشکار شدن مشکلات محیط زیستی مختلف و افزایش نگرانی ها درزمینه تشدید مسائل محیط زیست در آینده به نقش اجتماعات انسانی در پایداری محیط زیست بیش از پیش توجه شده است. روستانشینان به عنوان بخش مهمی از اجتماعات انسانی که نظام زیست و فعالیت آنها پیوند تنگاتنگی با محیط طبیعی دارد، می توانند نقش مؤثری در راستای حفاظت از محیط زیست داشته باشند. با هدف گسترش مطالعات در زمینه عوامل اثرگذار بر رفتارهای حامی محیط زیست در پژوهش حاضر اثر کیفیت زندگی بر رفتارهای حامی محیط زیست در نواحی روستایی بررسی شده است. در این مطالعه کیفیت زندگی به صورت یک سازه چهاربُعدی شامل «سلامت جسمانی»، «سلامت روانی»، «روابط اجتماعی» و «محیط و امکانات» و رفتارهای حامی محیط زیست به عنوان یک سازه سه وجهی شامل «رفتارهای فردی»، «اجتماعی» و «مدنی» مفهوم پردازی شد. محدوده جغرافیایی مطالعه شده نقاط روستایی شهرستان کوار واقع در استان فارس و جامعه آماری روستانشینان 18 ساله و بزرگ تر است. داده های لازم پژوهش بیشتر با پرسشنامه گردآوری شده و تحلیل داده ها با استفاده از آزمون های آماری تی تک نمونه ای و تحلیل رگرسیون با بهره گیری از نرم افزار SPSS انجام گرفته است. بر اساس نتایج تحلیل رگرسیون چندگانه کیفیت زندگی بر رفتارهای حامی محیط زیست اثر مثبت و معناداری دارد. ضریب تعیین تعدیل شده برای اثر کیفیت زندگی بر رفتارهای حامی محیط زیست در ابعاد فردی، اجتماعی و مدنی به ترتیب 607/0، 387/0 و 432/0 (p-value < 0.001) است. این یافته ها حاکی از آن است که بخش چشمگیری از واریانس رفتارهای حامی محیط زیست با واریانس کیفیت زندگی تبیین می شود. با توجه به اهمیت و ضرورت حفظ محیط زیست پیشنهاد می شود که مطالعات بیشتر و پژوهش های گسترده تر برای شناسایی سایر عوامل مؤثر بر انجام دادن رفتارهای حامی محیط زیست انجام شود.Effect of Quality of Life on Pro-Environmental Behaviors (Case Study: Rural Areas of Kavar Sub-Province)
As awareness of various environmental issues grows and concerns about future environmental degradation increase, the role of human communities in promoting environmental sustainability has gained significant attention. Rural residents, integral to human communities due to their close connection with natural ecosystems, can play a vital role in environmental protection and support. This study aimed to expand the understanding of factors influencing pro-environmental behaviors by examining the impact of quality of life in rural areas. Quality of life is conceptualized as a 4-dimensional construct, encompassing "physical health", "psychological health", "social relationships", and "environment and facilities". Pro-environmental behaviors are defined as a 3-dimensional factor, including individual, social, and civic behaviors. The research focused on villages in Kavar Sub-province of Fars Province, with the unit of analysis being rural residents aged 18 years and older. Data were collected through a questionnaire and both one-sample T-tests and regression analyses were performed using SPSS software. The results from multiple regression analysis indicated that quality of life had a positive and significant effect on pro-environmental behaviors. The adjusted R-squared values for the impact of quality of life on individual, social, and civic dimensions of pro-environmental behaviors were 0.607, 0.387, and 0.432, respectively (p-value < 0.001). These findings suggested that a substantial portion of the variance in pro-environmental behaviors could be explained by variations in quality of life. Further research is recommended to identify additional factors influencing pro-environmental behaviors. Keywords : Quality-of-life, Pro-environmental Behaviors, Rural Residents, Sustainable Development. Introduction The lives and activities of individuals and human communities have always impacted the environment. Many of these effects have driven productivity and resource consumption, but they have also led to significant environmental damage and destruction. Over the past few decades, the negative consequences of human activities on the environment have become so widespread and severe that they have sparked global and local concerns. As awareness of various environmental issues grows, so does the recognition of the role human communities play in promoting environmental sustainability. The frequency and persistence of harmful human behaviors have contributed to deteriorating environmental conditions, particularly in rural areas. Rural residents, integral to human communities and closely connected to the natural environment, can significantly contribute to environmental protection and support. Today, many villages face serious environmental threats. Pro-environmental behaviors among villagers can be crucial for achieving sustainable development. the existing literature on pro-environmental behaviors highlights a variety of factors influencing these actions. While environmental values and concerns may encourage pro-environmental behaviors, it appears that other motivations and structural factors play an even more significant role. To expand the understanding of factors influencing pro-environmental behaviors, this study examined the effect of quality of life on such behaviors in the rural areas of Kavar Sub-province located in Fars province, Iran. Materials & Methods This study was an applied research project aimed at exploring the effect of quality of life on pro-environmental behaviors in the rural areas of Kavar Sub-province of Fars province. It employed a descriptive-analytical approach to its methodology. Data were collected using both documentary and field methods. The statistical population comprised rural areas in Kavar Sub-province, with the unit of analysis being residents aged 18 years and older. According to the 2016 population and housing census, there were 41 rural settlements in Kavar Sub-province, home to a total of 41,756 individuals. Spatial sampling was performed based on two factors: population range of the villages and their spatial distribution. Ultimately, 15 villages were selected for the sample, including Shāh-e Shahidān, Lahkooh, Bāghān, Jalālābād, Ghanāt, Hoorbāf, Ābādeh Ābgarm, Dasht-e Shahrezā, Moorderāz, Hakavān, Arbābi Olyā, Dashtak, Serood, Forud, and Qasr-e Ahmad. Using Cochran's formula, the optimal sample size was determined to be 381 individuals. To ensure robustness, 421 questionnaires were completed. Sampling within each village was conducted using a simple probability sampling method. For data analysis, One-sample T-tests and regression analyses were performed by utilizing SPSS software. Quality of life was conceptualized based on the World Health Organization's quality of life questionnaire as a 4-dimensional construct, comprising "physical health", "psychological health", "social relationships", and "environment and facilities". Pro-environmental behaviors were defined as a 3-dimensional factor, including individual, social, and civic behaviors. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for each dimension, as well as all variables, exceeded 0.70, indicating acceptable reliability. To investigate the regression effect of quality of life on pro-environmental behaviors, we first examined the prerequisites for regression analysis. These prerequisites included a linear relationship between the independent and dependent variables, independence of observations, normality of errors, homogeneity of variance, and non-collinearity of independent variables. To assess the linearity of the relationship between the variables, scatter plots were created. The analysis revealed a clear linear pattern between the independent and dependent variables. Independence of observations was evaluated using the Durbin-Watson test, which produced a value within the acceptable range of 1.5 to 2.5, confirming the independence of observations. Normality of errors was assessed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk tests. The results indicated no significant difference between the distribution of errors and a normal distribution. Homogeneity of error variances as the 4 th prerequisite for regression analysis was examined through scatter plots, which confirmed the homogeneity of residuals. Finally, the non-collinearity of independent variables was evaluated by calculating two indices: tolerance index and Variance Inflation Factor (VIF). A tolerance index above 0.4 and a VIF below 2.5 were considered acceptable. The results indicated very low and acceptable levels of collinearity among the independent variables. Research Findings The average quality of life among rural residents across the four dimensions exceeded the average level as follows: physical health (3.50), psychological health (3.61), social relationships (3.60), and environment and facilities (3.34). Results from the One-sample T-test indicated that the quality of life for rural residents significantly differed from the average, confirming it was indeed higher than the mean. Pro-environmental behaviors among rural residents were assessed across 3 dimensions: individual behaviors, social behaviors, and civic behaviors. Among these, individual behaviors had the highest average value at 3.58, while social behaviors averaged 3.45 and civic behaviors averaged 3.41. The One-sample T-test results revealed that the level of pro-environmental behaviors significantly differed from the assumed average and was higher than the mean. Multiple regression analysis showed that quality of life positively and significantly impacted all dimensions of pro-environmental behaviors, as well as the overall composite measure. The adjusted R-squared values for the effect of quality of life on pro-environmental behaviors in the individual, social, and civic dimensions were 0.607, 0.387, and 0.432, respectively (p-value < 0.001). These findings indicated that the substantial portion of the variance in pro-environmental behaviors could be attributed to variations in quality of life. Additionally, the regression coefficients for all quality of life variables—including physical health, psychological health, social relationships, and environment and facilities—were statistically significant and positive. Discussion of Results & Conclusion Various factors influence pro-environmental behaviors, many of which have been highlighted in previous studies. For instance, Golchubi Diva and Jalalian (2022) identified environmental awareness and knowledge as key factors, while Yazdani et al. (2021) emphasized the importance of health infrastructure availability. Darvish Noori et al. (2018) pointed to social justice, and Nabavi & Mokhtari Heshi (2019) focused on cultural capital. Miller et al. (2022) discussed general environmental attitudes, and Balundė et al. (2019) examined general environmental considerations. Additionally, Geng et al. (2015) highlighted the significance of bonding with nature as did Raymond et al. (2011) in their study of place attachment. Gosling and Williams (2010) also addressed the importance of bonding with nature in relation to pro-environmental behaviors. To further explore the factors influencing environmental protection behaviors, this study investigated the rural areas of Kavar Sub-province in Fars province and found that the quality of life among rural residents significantly affected individual, social, and civic pro-environmental behaviors. It is recommended that further research be conducted to identify additional factors influencing pro-environmental behaviors.
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