دراسة مشاكلة الشكل والمضمون في قصيدة إلي أمّ كلثوم لأحمد شوقي من منظار الأسلوبية الأدبية (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
یتأثّر الشکل والمضمون فی الشعر ببعضهما بعضاً. فکلما حظی الترکیب الشکلی للشعر بالانسجام والتناسب اللازمین مع المعنى، خلص الشعر إلی الخلود والتحمّس وزیاده تأثیر المعنی. من أجل الکشف عن مدی التلاؤم بین الشکل والمضمون، فإنّ أفضل طریقه متأصله فی الدراسات اللغویه هو تحلیل النص، بناءً علی الأسلوبیه الأدبیه التی تعنى بدراسه النص الأدبی بشقّیه الشکلی والمضمونی. من هنا، یسعی هذا البحث علی ضوء المنهج الوصفی التحلیلی، إلی معالجه مشاکله الشکل والمضمون فی قصیده إلی أمّ کلثوم ، لأحمد شوقی. لقد اعتمد الشاعر فی هذه القصیده علی البحر البسیط الثقیل، للتعبیر عن الحزن والثقل النفسی الذی توازیه ذات الشاعر العاشقه والمتحسّره، کما أنّه استفاد من قافیه "الهاء" المفتوحه مع "ألف" الإطلاق، والتی تدل علی الآهات المکبوته. فی الموسیقی الداخلیه، تبیّن أنّ التکرار الصوتی المتمثّل فی الأصوات الصفیریه مثل "السین" ومجاورتها ل "الهاء" خلق موسیقی حزینه، تتلاءم والجو النفسی للشاعر. فی المستوی المعجمی، فاختار کلمات موحیه بالحزن والتحسّر الذی حل به بسبب إعراض الحبیبه عنه، ومنها: "حَمامَهَ الأیکِ، والشَّجو، والدُّجَى، واللَّیل، والبکاء وشَکوی، وأیام الهَوى، وآه". أضفت هذه المفردات على القصیده طابعا ممیزا من الصدق والواقعیه. فی المستوی البلاغی، رأینا أنّ التشبیهات والاستعارات التی استخدمها شوقی لیست زخرفاً معلقا بها، بل إنّها ثمره لحاجه التعبیر. وهذا یدل علی أنّ التصنع البدیعی لا یفرض علی هذا النص الشعری. فی المستوی الترکیبی، یتبیّن لنا أنّ الجمل الفعلیه بالزمن الماضی سائده علی جسد النص؛ لأنّ الشاعر یسترجع الذکریات التی عاشها، إلا أنّها أصبحت کالحلم. بالإضافه إلی ذلک، فقد لجأ شوقی إلی بعض الأسالیب الإنشائیه کالاستفهام الإنکاری، للتأکید علی طهاره الحبیبه وعفتها واحتشامها.A Study of Harmony of Form and Content in Ahmad Shoghi's Poem to Umm Kulthum from a Literary-Stylistic Perspective
Art, in all its forms, means conveying the ways of visions and sayings throughout history. It is a creative act that affects the audience. Artwork is the means by which an artist expresses himself and his society. Artwork enables us to use imagination and thought in an unlimited way. It allows us to interpret and train our thinking in order to see the universe more beautifully and find meaning, even if we are immersed in pain and suffering. Among the various types of art, poetry has a special importance and is closely related to feeling. Therefore, we see that “impact” is one of its most important purposes. Poetry evokes emotions in a different way, as we see in it the effect of sadness, pain, love, hatred, etc. The greater the fit between the words and meanings of a poem, the greater its impact. The poet must take into account the harmony between form and content, meaning placing the content in the appropriate form. In other words, proportion is one of the means of achieving artistic beauty. When the proportion between all parts of the text is achieved, it gives poetry its sweetness and pleasure. The issue of form, content, and the relationship between them falls under the poetic theme more than other themes. To this end, in this research, we studied the issue of form and content in the poetry of the Egyptian poet, Ahmed Shoghi. He is one of the revivalist poets who played a role in the movement to renew Arabic poetry in the modern era. We read his poem To Umm Kulthum more than once, and it became clear to us that there is a harmony between form and content that deserves study. Our approach in conducting this study was descriptive-analytical, which is based on examining and researching the literary style to uncover the secrets of linguistic techniques. This study seeks to answer the following two research questions: How did the stylistic mechanisms employed by the poet affect the harmony between form and content? What is the main idea on which the poem is based? In this poem, Shoghi uses a simple, calm, and heavy Bahr (poetry) to express the sadness and grief caused by the beloved's rejection and psychological pressure, which is appropriate and harmonious with the poet's amorous and nostalgic nature. In addition, in this poem, he uses the rhyme "ha" ending in "alef" which indicates his suppressed sighs and regrets. In external music, the alliteration resulting from sibilant sounds, such as the letter "s" and its combination with the letter "ha" created a sad melody that suited the poet's mental state. In the lexical layer, the chosen words express the sadness and longing caused by the lover's rejection, words such as "Hamamat al-Ayk, Sadness, darkness, night, crying, complaining, days of love, and āh", which give the poem an aspect of honesty and realism. Shoghi's inspiration for this poem is darkness and listening to unknown voices, which represent loneliness and isolation. The darkness symbolizes the unseen aspects of his emotions and the hidden parts of himself, while the color black, crying, and the melancholy of doves are all used to represent loss and create an atmosphere of sadness and mystery. At the rhetorical level, it is clear that the similes and metaphors used by Shoghi are not decorative elements that are hung on the body of the poem, but rather he uses them according to the need, which shows that creative techniques have not been imposed on this poem. At the syntactic level, it is clear that past tense verbs have a higher frequency compared to present tense verbs, because in this poem the poet recalls memories that he lived with in the past but have now become a dream. At the intellectual level, it becomes clear to us that the dominant idea in this poetic text is not limited to the poet describing some of the beloved’s qualities and her turning away from him, but rather the deep idea is the poet’s suffering from the passing of the beautiful days. In other words, this poem, with all its artistic characteristics, was an honest artistic translation of a love experience flavored with suffering and deprivation; the suffering that Shoghi experienced in his love for Umm Kulthum.
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