نقد ترجمة شهيدي لخطبة المتقين في نهج البلاغة على ضوء نظرية فيناي وداربلنت (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
تعتبر ترجمه الأستاذ شهیدی من أدق الترجمات الفارسیه لنهج البلاغه وأجملها. وقد حاول الأستاذ تقدیم ترجمه بلاغیه جدیده لهذا الکتاب من خلال اتباع التکافؤ الدینامیکی وسیاق اللغه الهدف وإظهار إمکانیات اللغه الفارسیه فی الترجمه باستخدام لغه جدیده وأنیقه. ولا شک أنه سعى إلى الکشف عن الآثار الفریده لبلاغه هذا الخطاب البلیغ. فمن هذا المنطلق، من أجل تقدیم تقییم إیجابی ودقیق لجوده هذه الترجمه وطریقتها، لقد اعتمد هذا المقال على المنهج الوصفی التحلیلی فی دراسه الموضوع، علی أساس نظریه "فینای وداربلنت" لتقییم جوده الترجمه التی یُعدّ فیها الاقتراض والنسخ والترجمه الحرفیه من تقنیات الترجمه المباشره؛ والإبدال الصرفی، والتکییف، والتکافؤ والتطویع من تقنیات الترجمه غیر المباشره. یتکون هذا البحث من بعدین: نظری وتطبیقی، بحیث أوضح المؤلف أولاً مؤلفات نظریه فینای وداربلنت 1995م، ثم باستخدام المنهج الوصفی التحلیلی، وبالاعتماد على أمثله من ترجمه شهیدی لخطبه الإمام علی (j) فی نهج البلاغه المسمّاه بالمتقین، درس هذه الخطبه، بناءً على الطرق السبع لفینای وداربلنت. تظهر مکتسبات البحث أنّ شهیدی من بین الطرق السبع لفینای وداربلنت، استفاد بشکل أقل من طرق الترجمه المباشره التی تشمل الاقتراض والنسخ والترجمه الحرفیه؛ ولکنه استخدم الأسالیب الأربعه المتمثله فی الإبدال والتطویع والتکافؤ والتکییف المتعلقه بالطریقه غیر المباشره بشکل أکبر فی الترجمه وساعدت هذه الطریقه فی زیاده قابلیه القراءه والطلاقه فی ترجمته، کما أنّه من بین التقنیات المختلفه للطریقه غیر المباشره، تحول إلى إزاحه العناصر الهیکلیه للغه المصدر؛ إذ إنه أراد تقدیم ترجمه أدبیه وبلاغیه للخطبه.Criticism of Shahidi's Translation of the Sermon on the al-Muttaqin in Nahj al-balagha in Light of Vinay and Darbelnet's Theory
Professor Shahidi's translation is considered one of the most accurate and beautiful Persian translations of Nahj al-balagha. He has tried to present a new rhetorical translation of Nahj al-balagha by following the dynamic equivalence and the context of the target language and showing the potential of the Persian language in translation using a new and elegant language. Undoubtedly, he has sought to reveal the unique effects of the rhetoric of this eloquent speech. From this standpoint, in order to provide a positive and accurate evaluation of the quality and method of this translation, this study has adopted the descriptive-analytical approach in studying the subject based on Vinay and Darbelnet's theory of evaluating the quality of translation in which borrowing, copying, and literal translation are direct translation techniques; and morphological substitution, adaptation, equivalence, and adaptation are indirect translation techniques. This research consists of two dimensions, theoretical and applied, where the author first explained the theoretical works of Vinay and Darbelnet (1995). Using the descriptive-analytical approach and relying on examples from Shahidi’s translation of Imam Ali’s (AS) sermon in Nahj al-balagha called Al-Muttaqin, the author studied this sermon based on Vinay and Darbelnet’s seven methods. The research findings show that Shahidi, among the seven methods of Vinay and Darbelnet, benefited less from the direct translation methods, but he used the four methods of substitution, adaptation, equivalence, and adaptation related to the indirect method more in translation, and this method helped in increasing the readability and fluency of his translation. In addition, among the various techniques of the indirect method, he turned to displacing the structural elements of the source language; as he wanted to present a literary and rhetorical translation of the sermon.Translation methods have been torn between two conflicting poles, where the supporters of the first pole are fanatical about literal translation and reject free translation, and the supporters of the second pole adhere to the content, i.e. (meaning) (Larose, n.d., p. 1). This means that among the translation theories, some theories have only been concerned with the concept of originality and wording, and their principles and rules do not go beyond the scope of translating the original. On the other hand, others have built their theories, rules, and principles on the concept of intent and meaning and do not pay attention to transferring the characteristics of wording and style. Both theories are flawed due to the lack of a comprehensive vision; as they ignore some principles that are essential for every translation and are concerned with other principles. Among these two groups, some theories and methods have presented a precise mixture and combination between the two mentioned methods, and thus their design in translation theory depends on both the free and literal methods, the most important of which is the theory of Jean-Paul Vinay and Jean Darbelnet. Half of this theory takes into account formal and direct translation and adherence to the source language, and the other half takes into account content, indirect translation, and dynamic translation. In fact, this approach includes both literal translation methods and free translation patterns. This theory has a special place among translation theories because it contains both formal and dynamic translation indicators. Its influence has been so great that translators from different language groups have also followed this approach and published their books based on it.Vinay and Darbelnet in their book proposed seven methods of translation, including direct or formal translation, which includes borrowing, copying, and literal translation, and indirect or dynamic translation, which is represented by the four methods of substitution, adaptation, equivalence, and adaptation (Zindaboudi, 2013, p. 41; Baker, 2017, p. 558). Based on this appropriate theory of translation criticism, this study deals with the systematic evaluation and criticism of the sermon of "Al-Muttaqin" from Nahj al-Balagha in the Persian translation of Seyyed Jafar Shahidi due to the translator's approach of equivalence, equality, and conformity with the text of Nahj al-Balagha in the Persian translation. The reason for our choice of the sermon of Al-Muttaqin or the sermon of Hamam is that it is one of the famous sermons of Nahj al-Balagha that was delivered in mentioning the qualities of Al-Muttaqin. In this sermon, Imam Ali (AS) gave a complete description of the qualities of piety, and a deep understanding of the concept of piety in Nahj al-Balagha can be achieved by knowing all these qualities and characteristics. From this standpoint, general criticism, evaluation, and pointing out the advantages and disadvantages of this translation based on the theory of Vinay and Darbelnet is the necessity of this research, and according to the above-mentioned topic, the study aims to answer the following three research questions:How is Shahidi's translation of the sermon of Al-Muttaqin from Nahj al-Balagha from the perspective of conceptual and literal meaning based on Vinay and Darbelnet’s theory?What is Shahidi's method of using the seven parts of Vinay and Durblin's theory?What strategies did Shahidi use the most according to Vinay and Durblin's theory?The three hypotheses on which the article is based are:It can be said that Shahidi's translation is close to the target text due to the frequent use of the indirect method. The translator acted relatively freely in choosing equivalents and mostly used indirect and implicit translation patterns.The translator used direct translation very little in this sermon. However, he benefited more from indirect translation, which includes transformation, modification, equivalence, and adaptation to be able to artistically reproduce the textual materials of the source language in the target language.The translator used the technique of transfer and transformation mostly, and the reason for this is mainly the translator's effort to provide a rhetorical and rhyming translation by breaking the structures of the source language to the extent that he tried to show the rhetorical and rhetorical aesthetics of the Nahj al-Balagha sermon in Persian. The translator also shifted to displacing structural elements more than other strategies of the indirect method.The results reached in this study showed that:To deal with the mismatch and conflict between the source language and the target language, Vinay and Darbelnet introduced a new classification, including direct translation, which is a clear quotation from the source language to the target language, including borrowing, copying, and literal translation, as the translator used these three methods very little in this sermon. The second method is indirect translation, which describes, details, and summarizes the contents of the original text, which includes transformation, modification, equivalence, and adaptation.Examining the translation of the sermon of Al-Muttaqin in this research showed that the translator benefited more from the second method (i.e. indirect translation) to be able to artistically reproduce the textual materials of the source language in the target language. From this point of view, we can say that Shahidi's translation is close to the target text due to the frequent use of the indirect method.The translator acted relatively freely in choosing equivalents and mostly used indirect and implicit translation patterns, in particular, transformation and substitution techniques, and provided a fluent translation.Among the four methods of indirect translation, the translator mostly used the technique of transfer and transformation, and the reason for this is basically the translator’s effort to present a rhetorical and rhyming translation by breaking the structures of the source language to the extent that he tried to show the rhetorical and oratorical aesthetics of the sermon of Al-Muttaqin in Nahj al-balagha in the Persian language.
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