تأثیر ساختار اقتصادی خانواده بر ساختار فضایی مسکن (مطالعه موردی شهر یزد) (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
تحولات گسترده اقتصادی در ایران که با انقلاب صنعتی شدت یافت، ساختار اقتصادی خانواده را متحول نموده است و با تغییر جایگاه، روابط و نیازهای افراد خانواده، زمینه ساز تغییر در سازمان فضایی مسکن شده است این مقاله در پی پاسخ به این پرسش است که با تغییر ساختار اقتصادی خانواده، ساختار فضایی خانه در شهر یزد چه تغییراتی را پشت سر گذاشته است؟ در این راستا، نمونه هایی از الگوهای غالب مسکن سه دوره یزد به صورت هدفمند انتخاب شد. روش این پژوهش نظریه زمینه ای است و تحلیل نتایج از طریق کدگذاری داده های به دست آمده از مصاحبه ها انجام شده است. برای گردآوری داده ها نیز از پرسش نامه های عمیق نیمه ساختار یافته و مصاحبه های باز همراه با مشاهدات آزاد و مشارکتی استفاده شده است. نتایج پژوهش نشان می دهند که خانواده پس از تحولات ساختار اقتصادی، دچار تغییراتی در عملکرد خود، پیوند اعضا و ساختار قدرت شده است. این موارد در مقیاس خانواده، خود را به صورت تغییر جایگاه مرد، زن و فرزند، کاهش محوریت جمع، افزایش محوریت فرد و تغییر عملکرد خانه نشان داده است و تأثیر آن ها در سازمان دهی فضاها، به صورت حذف سلسله مراتب سنی و جنسی در سازماندهی فضاها، محوریت فرد در سازماندهی فضاها، کاهش سیالیت فضاها، و تغییر کیفیات مورد نظر ساکنان از فضاها، نمود یافته است.The Impact of Economic Structure of Family on Spatial Structure of Houses (A case study on Yazd city)
Every architectural space is designed to accommodate specific activities and needs of its inhabitants. Therefore, the structure of space is influenced by various factors, one of the most important being family structure. After industrialization, the role of the family as an economic unit shifted from being a productive-consumer entity to a purely consumer-based one. These changes led to alterations in family structure, affecting the roles, relationships, and needs of family members. As a result, different residential styles emerged, profoundly impacting the spatial structure of homes.The primary question of this research is: "How has the spatial structure of homes in Yazd changed as a result of the evolving economic role of the family?"This qualitative study employs grounded theory for data analysis. Participants were selected through purposeful sampling with the process continuinguntil theoretical saturation was reached. Data collection involved in-depth, semi-structured interviews, as well as both participant and non-participant observations. All selected participants owned their homes and were interviewed within their residences. Five participants were chosen for each of the housing patterns discussed.Grounded theory was applied to analyze the data through three coding stages: open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. The literature review helped identify the main categories of analysis, which include: the power structure of the family, the relationships between family members, and the family’s functional roles. For case studies, three prevalent housing patterns in Yazd were purposefully selected, and numerous interviews were conducted with residents. The selected housing types were: (1) traditional homes with central courtyards, (2) transitional homes (one or two stories with courtyards to one side), and (3) modern apartment buildings that follow a relatively similar pattern throughout the city. All three housing types are still in use today, accommodating families with different structures and economic needs. This diversity was a key reason for choosing Yazd for this research. The literature indicated that the power structure, relationships, and functions within the family have changed in response to economic shifts. Data analysis revealed that these changes in Yazd families are reflected in the evolving roles of fathers, mothers, and children, a decrease in family cohesion, an increase in individualism, and shifts in the functionality of the home. These transformations in family dynamics have also influenced the spatial organization of homes by diminishing age and gender hierarchies, focusing more on individual space, reducing spatial fluidity, and altering the qualities expected from different spaces.The findings of this study are applicable to many towns with structures similar to Yazd. Additionally, the research methodology used in this study can serve as a valuable framework for similar research in other contexts.
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