مقایسه اثربخشی آموزش گروهی مبتنی بر شفقت ورزی و مثبت نگری بر ناگویی هیجانی، خوش بینی و رضایتمندی از زندگی زنان درگیر تعارض در سال های اول زندگی مشترک (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
هدف این پژوهش، مقایسه اثربخشی آموزش گروهی مبتنی بر شفقت ورزی و مثبت نگری بر ناگویی هیجانی، خوش بینی و رضایتمندی از زندگی زنان درگیر تعارض بود که حداکثر پنج سال تجربه زندگی مشترک داشتند. طرح پژوهش نیمه تجربی از نوع پیش آزمون _ پس آزمون با گروه گواه و دوره پیگیری دوماهه بود. جامعه آماری این پژوهش کلیه زنان درگیر تعارض شهر مشهد در فروردین ماه 1401 بود که به دادگاه خانواده و شورای حل اختلاف شهر مشهد مراجعه کرده بودند. از جامعه آماری تعداد 45 نفر به صورت دردسترس، انتخاب و به صورت تصادفی در دو گروه آزمایش و یک گروه گواه قرار گرفتند. گروه آزمایش یک تحت آموزش گروهی مبتنی بر شفقت ورزی، گروه آزمایش دو تحت آموزش گروهی مثبت نگری طی 8 جلسه 1 ساعته قرار گرفتند و گروه گواه تا پایان پژوهش، مداخله ای دریافت نکردند. ابزار پژوهش شامل پرسشنامه های ناگویی هیجانی، رضایت از زندگی و خوش بینی بود. داده ها با استفاده از تحلیل واریانس با اندازه گیری مکرر تحلیل شدند. نتایج نشان دادند بین اثربخشی آموزش گروهی مبتنی بر شفقت ورزی و مثبت نگری بر ناگویی هیجانی، خوش بینی و رضایتمندی از زندگی زنان تفاوت معنادار وجود دارد و مثبت نگری نسبت به آموزش گروهی مبتنی بر شفقت ورزی بر ناگویی هیجانی، خوش بینی و رضایتمندی از زندگی زنان درگیر تعارض در سال های اول زندگی مشترک اثربخشی بیشتری دارد. بر این اساس، می توان نتیجه گرفت آموزش گروهی مبتنی بر شفقت ورزی و مثبت نگری می تواند به عنوان مداخلات تکمیلی در جهت کاهش مشکلات روانشناختی و بهبود کیفیت زندگی زنان درگیر تعارض زناشویی به کار گرفته شود.Comparing the Effectiveness of Group Training Based on Compassion and Positivity on Emotional Alexithymia, Optimism and Life Satisfaction of Women Involved in Conflict in the First Years of Their Life together
The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of group training based on compassion and positivity on emotional alexithymia, optimism and life satisfaction of women involved in conflict who had a maximum of five years of living together. The design of the semi-experimental research was pre-test-post-test with a control group and a two-month follow-up. The statistical population of this research included all the women involved in the conflict in Mashhad city in April 2022, who referred to the family court and dispute resolution council of Mashhad city. From the statistical population, 45 people were selected as available and randomly placed in two experimental groups and one control group. The first experimental group underwent group training based on compassion, the second experimental group receive positivity group training during 8 1-hour sessions, and the control group did not receive any intervention until the end of the research. The research tools included emotional alexithymia, life satisfaction and optimism questionnaires. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the effectiveness of group training based on compassion and positivity on emotional alexithymia, optimism and satisfaction with women's lives. Also, positivity was more effective than group training based on compassion on emotional alexithymia, optimism and life satisfaction of women involved in conflict in the first years of their life together. Based on this, it can be concluded that group training based on compassion and positivity can be used as complementary interventions to reduce psychological problems and improve the quality of life of women involved in marital conflict.IntroductionOne of the most important warning variables for family counselors and social researchers is marital conflict and satisfaction, which allows them to prevent harm that may be inflicted on Iranian families in the future by realistically measuring and monitoring these variables. (Mohammadian et al., 2020). Considering that the health of the society is dependent on the health of the family and women play a vital role in the family and society, there is no doubt that a special look at the mental health of women is necessary. This is because it helps the mental health of the society and it should be women who are involved in marital conflict were looking for solutions and measures to improve their quality of life by changing their attitude and creating optimism. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the difference between the effectiveness of group training based on compassion and positivity on emotional alexithymia, optimism and life satisfaction of women involved in conflict in the first years of their life together. MethodThe design of this study was a semi-experimental with pre-test and post-test type, and a two-month follow-up with the control group. The statistical population of women involved in marital conflict in Mashhad city in April 2022, who referred to the family court and dispute resolution council of Mashhad. From the aforementioned statistical population, 45 women were selected by available sampling method and randomly placed in two test groups and one control group. The experimental groups received eight one-hour therapy sessions based on compassion and positive therapy, which sessions were held weekly in the meeting hall of the Dispute Resolution Council. The control group did not recive any intervention. After a two-month follow-up period for the third time, both experimental groups, the test and the results obtained were compared with the control group. To analyze the collected data, inferential statistics such as analysis of variance with repeated measurements were used by SPSS version 21 statistical software. ResultsThe mean and standard deviation of emotional alexithymia, optimism and life satisfaction for the pre-test, post-test and follow-up stages showed that after the treatment based on compassion and positive treatment, the scores of the experimental group had a significant difference. Also, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test showed that the assumption of normality was met for all variables of emotional alexithymia, optimism and life satisfaction (p<0.05). The results of Levin's test showed that the assumption of homogeneity of variance is also valid for all variables of ataxia (F=3.07), optimism (F=0.602) and life satisfaction (F=2.16) (p<0.05). The results of multivariate covariance analysis indicated that F obtained in all tests was significant with 2 and 13 degrees of freedom at the p<0.05 level. The results showed that there was a significant difference in the research variables after removing the pre-test effect (p<0.05) and (df=2 and 13) and (F=35.612 and PillaisTrace=0.913). In the following, the summary of the results of analysis of variance with repeated measurements for the intragroup factor, intragroup interaction and intergroup factor for the research variables is presented. Table 1. Summary of Results of Analysis of Variance with Repeated MeasuresEtaPFMSdfSSSource of influencesVariable0/210/00195/134636/0214636/02TimeAlexithymia0/440/00124/531195/4722390/94group0/190/00112/4648/73411997/97time × group0/540/00132/892104/8312104/83Timeoptimism0/360/00139/562531/6725063/34group0/410/00119/3163/99412623/69time × group0/450/00184/134652/6114652/61TimeLife satisfaction0/410/00132/511205/4822380/51group0/320/00116/2548/73411984/91time × groupAs can be seen in Table 1, there was a significant difference between women in the experimental groups and the control group in terms of emotional alexithymia (F=24.53), optimism (F=39.56) and life satisfaction (F=32.51). The effect or differences for the dependent variables were as follows: emotional alexithymia = 0.44, optimism = 0.36, and life satisfaction = 0.41.ConclusionThe aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of group training based on compassion and positivity on emotional alexithymia, optimism and life satisfaction of women involved in conflict in the first years of their life together. The results showed that positivity training was more effective than compassion training on the optimism of women involved in conflict in the first years of their life together. Also, group training based on compassion and positivity was effective in reducing emotional alexithymia and increasing life satisfaction of women involved in conflict in the first years of their life together. In explaining this finding, it can be mentioned that positive psychotherapy is designed with the aim of emphasizing the increase of abilities and advantages that enable a person to progress through effective interaction with others in the society to strengthen their positive feeling. Positivity enables the control and management of negative emotions and weaknesses at the same time as recognizing and enhancing individual capabilities, which in turn increases hope and optimism (Muller et al., 2020). Teaching self-compassion in these women has led to intelligent growth and the ability to postpone unpleasant emotions, the ability to engage or avoid a negative emotion in an appropriate way, the ability to rationally control emotions, and by modulating negative emotions and increasing pleasant emotions, it has led to the adjustment of these people's emotional alexithymia. Teaching positivity with recognizing and enhancing individual capabilities enables the control and management of negative emotions and weaknesses, which in turn reduces emotional alexithymia (Hakimi, 2021). The presence of a compassionate attitude in people helps them to feel a connection between themselves and others and through this feeling, overcome the fear of rejection and incompatibility with the existing conditions. Therefore, women who received compassion skills experience fewer negative emotions and more forgiveness in experiencing unpleasant events such as aggression in interpersonal relationships and have higher tolerance for ambiguity, all of which led to an increase in their level of satisfaction with life. (Ghazanfarianpur & Chalbianlu, 2021). Engaging in positivity exercises helps reduce negative emotions and increase positive ones, which in turn strengthens resilience. This improved resilience boosts physical and psychological health, enhances personal resources, and creates conditions for growth and development. As a result, people become more optimistic about future events (Asadi Bijae et al., 2021). Ethical ConsiderationCompliance with Ethical Guidelines: All ethical issues were compiled based on ethical committee.Authors’ Contributions: All authors contributed to the study. The first author implemented the compassion group training and the positivity group training, the second author wrote the first draft, and the third and fourth authors edited the manuscript.Conflict of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest for this study.Funding: The study had no financial support.Acknowledgment: The authors would like to thank all participants for their time and contribution to the study. *. Corresponding author
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