واکاوی نقش حس دلبستگی به مکان در افسردگی با کاربست روش فراتحلیل
آرشیو
چکیده
مقدمه: مکان، علاوه بر بعد مادی از بعد غیر مادی نیز برخوردار بوده و احساساتی در ساکنان خود ایجاد می کند. ارتباط احساسی میان انسان و مکان در حوزه های مختلفی مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است که از جمله آن ها در ادبیات معماری و شهرسازی است. افسردگی، یک اختلال روانی است که بر احساس، رفتار و عملکرد جسمانی فرد تأثیر می گذارد، چنانکه افراد مبتلا، از غمناکی طاقت فرسا رنج برده، علاقه شان به فعالیت هایی که قبلاً از آن لذت می بردند، از دست داده و انجام فعالیت های روزانه برایشان سخت می شود. بنابراین حس دلبستگی به مکان بر روی افسردگی تاثیر غیر قابل انکاری دارد. هدف پژوهش: هدف اصلی این پژوهش، شناسایی مولفه های تاثیرگذار بر کاهش افسردگی با تاکید بر ایجاد حس دلبستگی به مکان در شهروندان است. روش شناسی: روش تحقیق فراتحلیل باهدف شناسایی و تحلیل مقالات مورد استفاده قرار گرفته است. جامعه آماری این پژوهش شامل مقاله های علمی-پژوهشی است که درباره نقش حس دلبستگی به مکان در افسردگی انتشار یافته اند. برای دستیابی به این مقالات ابتدا کلیدواژه های «دلبستگی به مکان» و «افسردگی» در محیط های شهری در هریک از پایگاه های اطلاعاتی لاتین Science Direct، Sage و Taylor & Francis همچنین برای بهره گیری از منابع فارسی، در پایگاه های اطلاعاتی گوگل اسکالر، علم نت، سیویلیکا و نورمگز در بازه زمانی 1393 تا 1402، جستجو شدند. سپس از چک لیست پریزما برای غربالگری مقاله ها استفاده شد. یافته ها و بحث: یافته های تحقیق شامل کل مولفه های تاثیرگذار از محیط ساخته شده شهری و حس دلبستگی به مکان بر موضوع افسردگی است که در ابعاد مختلف کالبدی، معنایی، اجتماعی، زیست محیطی، بصری، عملکردی و ... مطرح شده است. نتیجه گیری: بر اساس یافته ها می توان گفت دلبستگی به مکان دارای ابعاد تاثیرگذار بر کاهش افسردگی در شهروندان است که از دستاوردهای اصلی این تحقیق است. تجزیه و تحلیل های پژوهش حاضر، بر اهمیت در نظر گرفتن دلبستگی به مکان به عنوان یک عامل مهم در درک و پرداختن به افسردگی تاکید می کند.The Analysis of Place Attachment Role in Citizens' Depression Using Meta-Analysis method
Introduction: In addition to physical dimension of a place, it also possesses an immaterial aspect that evokes emotions in its inhabitants. A place is not merely a shelter for human activities but also a phenomenon that, through interaction, humans imbue with meaning and develop an attachment to, sometimes to the extent that they even identify themselves with that place. The emotional connection between humans and places has been explored across various disciplines, particularly in the literature on architecture and urban planning. Depression has become a major social issue of global concern, which has seriously threatened the quality of an individual’s life. Although the relationship between community environment and depression has aroused heated debate, the empirical research on the relationship between community environment perception and public depression is still relatively insufficient. It is a mental disorder that impacts a person's thoughts, emotions, behaviors, and physical functioning. Those affected by depression experience overwhelming sadness, lose interest in activities they once enjoyed, and struggle to perform daily tasks. Depression is, in fact, an interdisciplinary issue, with its roots in the human psyche, the environment, society, and the human brain and body. Consequently, it requires a comprehensive approach to be properly understood and addressed. The sense of attachment to a place plays an undeniable role in influencing depression.
The Purpose of the Research: The primary objective of this research is to identify and analyze the various dimensions and components that contribute to the reduction of depression, with a particular emphasis on fostering a sense of place attachment among citizens. By understanding the elements that enhance place attachment, this study aims to provide insights into how urban environments can be designed or modified to mitigate depressive symptoms and improve overall mental well-being in the population.
Methodology: To achieve this goal, a meta-analysis research method was employed to identify and analyze relevant articles. The statistical population for this research includes scientific studies published as research articles on the role of place attachment in depression. To locate these articles, searches were conducted using the keywords 'place attachment' and 'depression' within urban environments across several databases: ScienceDirect, Sage, and Taylor & Francis for Latin sources, and Google Scholar, Elamnet, Civilica, and Normagz for Persian sources. The search covered publications from the year 2015 (1393 in the Iranian calendar) to 2023 (1402 in the Iranian calendar).
Findings and Discussion: The research findings encompass all the influential components of the built urban environment and the sense of place attachment on depression, which are examined across various dimensions such as physical, semantic, social, environmental, visual, and functional. A significant aspect of this research method involves applying parts of meta-analysis studies and systematically utilizing their statistical and qualitative results. The results of the quantitative and qualitative analysis of this research, including their classification and organization based on language, study scale, theoretical foundations, methodologies of selected articles, and geographic distribution, revealed several weaknesses through content analysis of the sources. These weaknesses include the absence of strong theoretical frameworks and foundational theories, the lack of specific geographic areas in some studies, and insufficient and unsatisfactory conclusions. The findings support the hypothesis that a strong sense of place attachment can act as a protective factor against depression.
Conclusion: By applying the meta-analysis method in this study, insights were gained into the complex relationship between place attachment and depression. The synthesis of selected research findings highlighted the multifaceted nature of this relationship and the impact of place attachment on depression. The analyses underscore the importance of considering place attachment as a significant factor in understanding and addressing depression. Moving forward, integrating these insights into practical applications can contribute to more comprehensive approaches for preventing depression, fostering environments that support positive connections with one's surroundings, and ultimately enhancing citizens' resilience and psychological well-being. The findings indicate that place attachment encompasses dimensions that influence the reduction of depression among citizens, which represents a key achievement of this research. It is recommended that future studies employ content analysis and qualitative research methods more extensively, and focus on smaller-scale research, including neighborhoods and city districts. Additionally, to achieve more robust results in this field, further research with a larger sample of articles is suggested.
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