Smart Manufacturing

  Background: The marriage of 5G and Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been brought forward as a key enabler of Industry 4.0 and smart city applications. These technologies solve the problem of latency, scalability, and energy use, providing technology support for real-time decision-making and efficient organization of work. Nevertheless, studies regarding their individual and collective effects in a plethora of industrial and urban contexts are still limited. Objective: The objective of this research is to assess the performance, energy saving, and expansibility of 5G and AI synergies in manufacturing, logistics, healthcare, and smart city applications and highlight their challenges and potential for further exploration. Methods: An experimental data collection, mathematical modeling and comparative analysis approach was employed. Performance indicators including latency, possible and actual throughput, power usage, and predicting achievement were measured in real pilot tests implemented in dense networks and IoT contexts. Available data were compared with other similar studies to gain an understanding of the results. Results: The conjoin with 5G and AI suggested potential optimization of process; the latency has been decreased to more than 90%, its predictive maintenance was sharpened, and its power consumption was decrease to 75%. The feasibility of extending scalability and system reliability of the protocol was confirmed in dense IoT environments, with further potential for emission reduction. Conclusion: The study identifies the use of 5G in Industry 4.0 with AI in addressing dynamic issues but potential drawback includes scalability and security. More studies should be conducted on the novel hybrid architectures and 6G integration concerning more extensive areas.