Nurul Maisarah Binti Azhar

Economic sanctions are increasingly employed in international relations as a foreign policy tool, representing a middle ground between diplomacy and military action. Their growing use necessitates careful consideration of their effects on trade, legality, and ethics. While intended to modify the behavior of targeted entities, sanctions can disrupt trade patterns, potentially leading target countries to diversify trade under less favorable terms. Legal frameworks, such as the U.S. International Emergency Economic Powers Act, grant governments broad authority to impose sanctions, raising concerns about oversight. The application of sanctions also raises questions about compliance and enforcement for businesses operating globally. The theoretical underpinnings involve issue linkage and information asymmetry, impacting the success or failure of sanctions. This analysis explores the legal, economic, and ethical dimensions of economic sanctions within international trade law, considering their intended results, collateral consequences, and implications for global economic interactions.