چالش های زیست بوم صنایع خلاق و فرهنگی و راهبردهای موثر بر رفع آن (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
در رویکرد غالب در توسعه، مسیر رشد از تولید و تمرکز بر صنایع با ارزش افزوده بالا نظیر صنایع خلاق و فرهنگی می گذرد. صنایع خلاق و فرهنگی تحت یکسری مولفه های محیطی اعم از فرهنگی، اقتصادی و سیاسی رشد می یابند که از آن با عنوان زیست بوم یاد می شود. زیست بوم خلاق محیطی مبتنی بر سرمایه های خلاق و فرهنگی است و به شبکه ای از افراد، سازمان ها، نهادها، زیرساخت ها و منابع اطلاق می شود که به صورت یکپارچه برای ایجاد، توسعه و ترویج فعالیت های خلاقانه و فرهنگی با یکدیگر همکاری می کنند. امروزه صنعت بازی سازی و انیمیشن از مهم ترین منابع غنی خلق ارزش فرهنگی و اقتصادی شناخته شده؛ به همین دلیل بسیاری از سیاست گذاران به اهمیت پیشرو بودن این صنایع آگاهی یافته و با شناخت چالش ها و ظرفیت های موجود در زیست بوم آنها، در پی سیاست گذاری جهت رفع چالش ها هستند. لذا هدف این مقاله شناسایی چالش ها و مسائل زیست بوم صنایع خلاق و فرهنگی از جمله انیمیشن و بازی سازی در ایران و ارائه راهکارهای سیاستی برای رفع آن با رویکرد کیفی و از طریق نمونه گیری هدفمند و مصاحبه با 15 نفر از متخصصین و فعالان این حوزه است. نتایج شامل دو بخش چالش های زیست بوم خلاق و فرهنگی و راهکارهای رفع آنهاست. چالش های زیست بوم صنایع خلاق و فرهنگی در ایران توسط متخصصین در قالب 8 مضمون اصلی شناسایی که شامل چالش های حوزه سیاستی، قانونی، سرمایه گذاری، آموزش، بازاریابی، همکاری های بین المللی، شبکه سازی و ضعف در زیرساخت های فناوری می باشد. همچنین برای بهبود وضعیت نیز در مورد هر یک از این حوزه ها راهکارهای مشخصی پیشنهاد گردیده است.Challenges of the creative and cultural industries ecosystem and effective strategies to address them
Introducion: Over the past two decades, global economic growth has increasingly focused on high value-added industries, particularly cultural and creative industries (CCIs). Cultural industries, a subset of creative industries, produce goods and services rooted in cultural and artistic methods. Creative industries, however, encompass a broader range of products, such as advertisements and software, which require significant creativity but are not strictly cultural. Both sectors involve the production and support of goods and services that rely on creativity, blending cultural, artistic, and commercial elements. These industries play a vital role in modern economies by generating revenue and fostering innovation. Creative and cultural industries grow under the influence of cultural, economic, and political factors, providing a suitable ecosystem for socio-economic development. Nevertheless, challenges such as budget shortages, flawed policymaking, and weak global competitiveness have hindered the progress of these industries in Iran. Establishing appropriate policies and government support through resource allocation, subsidies, and intellectual property laws plays a key role in the development of cultural and creative industries. These industries require research and development, education, and digital transformation for growth. Collaboration and networking also contribute to innovation and competitiveness. Effective marketing and international events are crucial for the success of these industries. In summary, supportive laws, education, investment, technology, networking, and marketing are among the core elements of the ecosystem for cultural and creative industries. The aim of this study is to identify the challenges of the creative and cultural industries’ ecosystem in Iran and propose solutions to address them. This research is conducted through interviews with experts and professionals in various fields such as cultural economics, gaming, animation, and toys, seeking to answer the question of what challenges exist in this domain and how they can be resolved. Methods: This study aimed to investigate the challenges of the ecosystem of cultural and creative industries and propose solutions, using a qualitative approach and semi-structured interviews with experts. The interviewees were selected as representatives of specialized groups in the fields of animation and gaming. Sampling was conducted through purposive and snowball methods, with 15 participants, including professors, managers, producers, and cultural and artistic activists, chosen for the study. The data from the interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis in MAXQDA software. This process included coding, categorization, and extraction of main themes. To ensure the validity of the research, the researcher continuously engaged with the data and theoretical foundations and reviewed the findings with experts. The reliability of the findings was confirmed using Miring’s method, which indicated that 95% of the categorizations were approved by the experts. Results: Iran’s creative and cultural industries face numerous challenges, including ineffective policies due to policymakers’ lack of understanding, overlapping governance, and insufficient long-term planning. Weak intellectual property laws, complex bureaucracy, and limited financial support hinder growth, while educational shortcomings and a lack of interdisciplinary skills reduce competitiveness. Marketing struggles, poor global presence, and inadequate networking further limit opportunities. Digital challenges, such as poor internet infrastructure and weak e-commerce systems, also restrict online activities. Proposed solutions include establishing a unified governing body, reforming intellectual property laws, offering tax exemptions, and improving education and training. Enhancing digital infrastructure, creating online platforms for collaboration, and investing in marketing and networking are also recommended to boost Iran’s cultural and creative industries. Discussion: The creative and cultural industries ecosystem is a network of individuals, organizations, institutions, infrastructure, and resources that collaborate to create, develop, and promote innovative and cultural activities. This system enhances cultural identity, economic value, and social development through creativity and innovation. Key features include collaboration among sectors, fostering new ideas, job creation, and strengthening cultural capabilities. It also enables countries to leverage their cultural heritage as a source of soft power internationally. In Iran, this ecosystem faces challenges such as insufficient financial support, weak intellectual property rights, inadequate digital infrastructure, lack of specialized training, restrictive regulations, and limited access to global markets. These issues hinder the growth and sustainability of industries like gaming and animation. Experts emphasize the need for clear policies, financial incentives, improved digital infrastructure, effective intellectual property laws, and international collaboration. Key solutions include revising government policies, providing financial support, enhancing digital and technological infrastructure, offering specialized training, and fostering international partnerships. Strengthening public awareness and promoting local culture can also drive growth. Despite challenges, strategic planning and supportive policies can unlock the potential of these industries, contributing to Iran’s cultural, economic, and social development.
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