برنامه ریزی راهبردی گردشگری بیوفیلیک (مورد پژوهی: بلوار چمران شهر کرج) (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
گردشگری، که یکی از مهم ترین فعالیت های اقتصادی و چشم انداز مهمی برای توسعه اقتصادی و اجتماعی جوامع محسوب می شود، جنبه های منفی ای نیز دارد؛ مانند تخریب محیط زیست و طبیعت. یکی از رویکردهایی که در دهه های اخیر برای کاهش آثار زیانبار گردشگری بر روی محیط زیست توجه برنامه ریزان شهری را به خود جلب کرده است، مفهوم بیوفیلیک است. از آن روی که گردشگری می تواند اشکال مختلفی را پذیرا باشد، یکی از اشکال گردشگری نیز گردشگری بیوفیلیک شهری است که ازطریق حفظ محیط زیست و کاهش تخریب طبیعت، به پایداری زیست محیطی در شهرها منجر می شود. مسئله اصلی این پژوهش نیز نحوه به کارگیری رویکرد برنامه ریزی راهبردی گردشگری بیوفیلیک در بلوار چمران شهر کرج است. هدف از انجام پژوهش، بررسی مفهوم گردشگری بیوفیلیک و برنامه ریزی راهبردی گردشگری بلوار چمران شهر کرج با تأکید بر رویکرد گردشگری بیوفیلیک و از نوع توصیفی تحلیلی است. در همین راستا، با تحلیل سوات وضعیت هریک از ابعاد شهر کرج شناسایی شدند و پس از آن، به کمک ماتریس ارزیابی عوامل داخلی و خارجی، وضعیت راهبردهای توسعه در سایت مدنظر (راهبرد تدافعی) مشخص شد، سپس راهبردهای مدنظر مطرح و پس از آن، به کمک ماتریس QSPM، اولویت هریک از راهبردها مشخص و پس از آن نیز برای تکمیل هریک از راهبردها راهبردهایی مطرح شد. این راهبردها عبارت اند از: ایجاد بازرسی شبانه برای جلوگیری از فضاهای جرم خیز، ایجاد نورپردازی مناسب شبانه در مسیرهای پیاده و غیره.Strategic Planning of Biophilic Tourism (Case Study: Chamran Boulvard, Karaj)
Tourism is considered one of the most important economic activities and an important perspective for the economic and social development of societies, it also has negative aspects such as environmental destruction. One of the approaches that has attracted the attention of urban planners in recent decades to reduce the harmful effects of tourism on the environment is the biophilic concept. Since tourism can accept different forms, one of the forms of tourism is urban biophilic tourism, which leads to environmental sustainability in cities through preserving the environment and reducing the destruction of nature. The main issue of this research is how to use the strategic planning approach of biophilic tourism in Chamran Boulevard in Karaj city. The purpose of the research is to investigate the concept of biophilic tourism and the strategic planning of Chamran Blvd. in Karaj, emphasizing the biophilic tourism approach and descriptive-analytical type. In this regard, with the SWAT analysis, the status of each aspect of Karaj city was identified, and after that, with the help of the evaluation matrix of internal and external factors, the status of the development strategies in the target site (defensive strategy) was determined, then the target strategies were proposed and then From that, with the help of the QSPM matrix, the priority of each of the strategies was determined, and then strategies were proposed for each of the strategies. These strategies have included creating night inspections to prevent crime-ridden spaces, creating proper night lighting on pedestrian paths, etc. keywords: Tourism, Biophilic, Biophilic Tourism, Strategic Planning, Chamran Boulevard, Karaj City 1. Introduction Tourism is the largest and most efficient industry in the world, which, as one of the most important economic activities, is an important part of the economy of many countries in the world at different stages of development (Azilah, 2016, p. 117, Hall & Seyfi, 2020, p. 62) and Since urban areas include various historical, cultural and even natural spaces, they are considered one of the most important tourist destinations in countries (Aksoz & Bac, 2012). With all the positives associated with tourism and despite the fact that the tourism industry is one that manages diverse products and experiences for people with a wide range of motivations, preferences and cultural perspectives interacting with the host community (Wall & Mathieson, 2005), can have consequences for the host society, one of which is the disturbance of the ecological balance and the destruction of nature. Therefore, urban planners came to try to adopt a new approach in the direction of aligning and connecting nature and the tourism industry, this approach is now known as biophilic tourism. The biophilic approach, as one of the approaches that is considered a subset of sustainability, can increase the performance of city systems and components by adopting green strategies to achieve a healthier environment and a strong and adaptable urban structure in the face of disasters (Tarek & Salah El-Din, 2021). ). Biophilic tourism, with its nature-oriented nature in urban spaces, leads to the balance and preservation of the environment and the reduction of nature destruction, the use of native natural phenomena, and economic and social stability (Tordest et al., 1400, pp. 65-79). To achieve this important issue, in this research, using the strategic planning approach as a model that guides the goals, policies and guidelines of an organization to an integrated and coherent strategy (Coda, 1988; Mella, 2012; 2015a,b) ), Chamran Boulevard in Karaj city with features such as location at the entrance of the city, convenient access, natural landscape has been selected as a case study to answer the questions of what are the components of urban biophilic tourism and what strategies and policies can be used to develop the model of biophilic tourism. It was used in the area of Chamran Boulvard., Karaj city, to be answered. 2. Literature Review Tourism is a French word and it is derived from the root of tour (Maleh Al-Rakai, 1400). The World Tourism Organization (WTO) has defined the concept of tourism as follows: Tourism is the activities of people who travel outside their usual place of residence for rest, work and other reasons and stay there for a maximum of one consecutive year (Geoldner & Ritchie, 2021). Due to the fact that tourism takes different forms and accepts a wide range of special situations, one of the spatial patterns formed at the present time is tourism in nature or nature tourism (Azilah, 2016, p.118). This type of tourism is realized with the help and cooperation with nature, which is actually environmental attitudes, conscious and responsible behavior related to the natural and cultural environment, and an ethical approach in which the goal of tourism is to gain new experiences by actively participating with nature and protecting and strengthening the integrity of the environment. and biodiversity (Meler & Marija, 2012, p. 133). From the perspective of biophilic tourism, cities are places with a wide set of principles related to nature and its protection, restoration and development, education, culture preservation, economic benefits, biodiversity protection, love of nature and familiarity with biological species and nature and use. They and everything related to nature and living beings in the city are accompanied (Tardest et al., 1400). The term biophilic is adapted from the root of biophilia (inherent human tendency to natural systems and processes), which conveys the innate and emotional dependence of humans on other living beings (Xue et al, 2019, p. 52, Arof et al, 2020, p. 2) ). The biophilic cities movement seeks to reimagine nature as an essential infrastructure for cities, seamlessly integrating the city and nature to provide abundant and accessible nature for all residents and health and well-being outcomes (Panlasigui et al., 2021). Due to the fact that urban planners and designers have become obliged to take advantage of urban planning approaches to integrate environmental concepts in cities, urban planning has come to guide cities towards the goals of sustainable development by recognizing the potential of cities and reducing their weak points. This type of planning, called strategic planning, is one of the forms of planning in cities, which leads to the knowledge of the city in its various dimensions and helps planners to have a model for planning and guiding and developing the city (Clouser & Cothran, 2006). 3. Methodology The present research was carried out with the aim of strategic planning of biophilic tourism (case study: Chamran Boulevard, Karaj) with a descriptive-analytical approach. The analysis of its information is based on research criteria and indicators using the SWOT technique. This method includes a systematic thinking and is a tool for analyzing the internal and external factors of an organization (Yuksel, 2007, p. 3365). After the SWAT analysis, the internal and external factors of the organization were determined with the help of the evaluation matrix of internal and external factors. To prepare these matrices, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats are first listed and each factor is assigned a weight factor between zero (unimportant) and one (very important). Finally, a score of 1 to 4 has been given to each factor, and finally, to determine the final score of each factor, the coefficient of each factor has been multiplied by their score. After the SWAT analysis and evaluation of the matrix of internal and external factors, with the help of the QSPM matrix, the best strategies have been selected and prioritized. After going through these steps, strategies have been stated for each of the proposed strategies. 3. Results After the investigations carried out with the help of SWAT analysis and assessment of the internal and external environment, the state of development strategies in the direction of strategic planning of biophilic tourism in Chamran Blvd, Karaj city, was placed in the scope of defensive strategies. The purpose of these strategies is to reduce internal weaknesses and avoid threats from the external environment. 4. Conclusion Based on the research conducted in connection with the research topic, the components of biophilic tourism which have been conducted by different researchers, included physical and infrastructure, environmental, managerial, social and cultural dimensions, which were also discussed in this research along with the economic dimension. Finally, after examining the status of each of these dimensions, using the evaluation matrix of internal and external factors, strategies were presented for planning biophilic tourism in Karaj city, and finally, with the help of the QSPM matrix, the proposed strategies were prioritized. The prioritization of these strategies includes 1- supporting the private sector in the direction of investment, 2- vegetation protection programs to prevent the risk of flooding and flooding, 3- the formation of public institutions to participate in matters related to biophilic tourism and education, 4- creating lighting. Suitable at night on footpaths 5- Creation of night inspections to prevent crime-prone spaces, 6- Provision of necessary funds from the private and public sectors, which are in accordance with the results of studies by Rivo et al. 2015, Tardest et al.2021, Movadat & Valipour 2020, Shokrani and Nourai 2022, Tarek and Salahuddin 2021, Tabrizi and Jafarpisheh 2022, Panlasigi et al. 2021, Redha 2022, Pedersen Zari 2023 and Ebrahimpour 2020 are in line. In line with these strategies, policies have been presented, which have finally been presented by tabulating the impact of each strategy on the dimensions and indicators mentioned in the conceptual model of the research.
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