مطالعه انگاره های مخاطب زائرین نوجوان از زیارت در حرم مطهر رضوی
آرشیو
چکیده
شناخت مخاطب - زائرین نوجوان به عنوان یکی از گروه های محوری در مخاطب شناسی برنامه های زیارت، از ملزومات مقدماتی خدمت رسانی صحیح و اثربخش به ایشان و فعال کردن هر چه بیشتر ظرفیت های هویت آفرین و انسجام بخش زیارت است. پژوهش حاضر به طور خاص به مطالعه انگاره های مخاطب - زائرین نوجوان از زیارت در حرم مطهر رضوی پرداخته است؛ به این صورت که با استفاده از روش پدیدارشناسی انگاره و تجربه زیسته زائرین نوجوان دهه هشتادی از زیارت، امام رضا (ع) و زندگی ایشان، حرم مطهر و برنامه های آن، انگاره نسبت به خادمین و تفریح در مشهد موردمطالعه قرار گرفته است. مجموع یافته های حاصل از این پژوهش در وجوه اشتراک و افتراق انگاره مخاطب زائرین نوجوان دهه هشتادی از زیارت را می توان در نسبت با دو مؤلفه کلی «انگاره عاطفه محور از انسان کامل» - بامعرفت حداقلی نسبت به جایگاه امامت و خاصه امام رضا علیه السلام - و «بازتعریف زیارت در چارچوب شخصی» - با فردی و ذوقی شدن مناسک و فاصله گرفتن از انگاره سنتی غالب درگذشته، خلاصه نمود. بر همین اساس تقویت بعد شناختی و معرفتی نسل جدید نوجوانان از امامت و به طور خاص امام رضا علیه السلام با تصویرسازی جامع از شخصیت و سیره حضرت رضا علیه السلام و تقویت زمینه های مشارکت نوجوانان در برگزاری آیین ها و خدمات زیارت از جمله پیشنهاداتی است که می تواند موردتوجه سیاست گذاران حوزه زیارت و نوجوان در آستان قدس رضوی قرار گیرد.Study of the Mental image of Adolescent Pilgrims Regarding Pilgrimage at the Holy Shrine of Imam Reza
Introduction: Adolescence, as one of the most sensitive and pivotal stages of human life, plays a central role in shaping individual and social identity. During this period, adolescents experience various social roles and identities before their identity is fully established, highlighting the importance of transmitting cultural heritage and strengthening social cohesion. In this context, religious rituals and practices-especially pilgrimage (Ziyarat)-are among the most significant sources of identity construction and socialization for Iranian adolescents. In Shia Islam, pilgrimage is not only a devotional act but also a means of deep spiritual connection with God, the Imams, and fellow pilgrims, fostering self-reflection and personal growth. However, due to technological advancements, the rise of social media, and cultural transformation, the new generation of adolescents has developed different needs, interests, and perceptions compared to previous generations. While still engaging with traditional practices such as pilgrimage, the quality and nature of their experiences have shifted. Hence, understanding adolescents’ perceptions, motivations, and lived experiences of pilgrimage-particularly at the Imam Reza shrine-is essential for designing effective cultural and identity-building programs. The present study aims to identify and analyze the mental perceptions and lived experiences of adolescent pilgrims at the Imam Reza shrine (those born in the 1380s SH) to represent their motivational and cognitive perspectives and to provide insights for revising cultural and pilgrimage services in line with the characteristics of the new generation. Methodology: This study adopted a qualitative approach using phenomenology to gain a deep understanding of adolescents’ lived experiences, especially in cognitive and emotional domains. Data were collected through in-depth, semi-structured interviews with adolescents born in the 2000s who had visited the Imam Reza Holy Shrine. Thematic analysis was applied to extract core perceptions, motivations, and attitudes toward Imam Reza (peace be upon him), the shrine, rituals, and related cultural programs. Findings: The pilgrimage experience of adolescents born in the 2000s displays distinct characteristics compared with earlier generations. Two key components emerge: a) Emotion-centered perception of the Perfect Human: Adolescents generally approach pilgrimage with limited theological knowledge of Imamate, perceiving Imam Reza primarily as an emotional and ideal figure rather than a religious authority. Their connection is shaped more by affect and the search for spiritual refuge than by doctrinal understanding. b) Personalized pilgrimage experience: Pilgrimage is redefined as a personal and introspective practice-an opportunity for peace, reflection, and leisure-rather than a collective religious duty. Adolescents favor interactive and innovative programs over repetitive rituals and show an inclination toward rational inquiry and experiential engagement. Discussion and Conclusion: For adolescents born in the 1380s SH, pilgrimage has evolved from a traditional collective ritual into a personal, emotional, and reflective experience. Their limited religious knowledge coexists with a strong desire for authenticity, innovation, and rational understanding. Accordingly, it is recommended to strengthen adolescents’ cognitive understanding of the Imamate and the personality of Imam Reza (peace be upon him), promote their active participation in shrine-related programs, and design cultural activities attuned to their needs and reasoning-oriented worldview. These insights can serve as a foundation for enhancing the cultural and pilgrimage services of the Imam Reza Holy Shrine and activating its identity-forming and cohesion-building potential for the new generation.
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