سنجش تأثیر عوامل فردی، بین فردی و ساختاری در استفاده از پارک های شهری (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
مناظر و فضاهای سبز شهری از مهم ترین فضاهای شهری محسوب می شوند، لذا هدف از تحقیق حاضر سنجش میزان اثرگذاری عوامل فردی، بین فردی و ساختاری در مراجعه شهروندان به پارک های شهری است. در همین راستا از منابع کتابخانه ای، پرسشنامه با ۳۸۹ نفر شرکت کننده، در ۳ بخش و ۹ شاخص و مصاحبه نیمه ساختار یافته با ۲۰ نفر شرکت کننده در ۴ بخش و ۱۹ سوال بهره گرفته شد و در تحلیل پرسشنامه از میانگین امتیازی، در تحلیل مصاحبه از تحلیل ساختاری در نرم افزار کیفی اطلس تی آی و در نهایت برای ترکیب دو تحقیق کمی و کیفی از روش تحقیق ترکیبی بهم تنیده استفاده گردید. نتایج نشان داد استراحت و آرامش، دسترس پذیر بودن مهم ترین عوامل موثر در مراجعه شهروندان به پارک های شهری می باشند، همچنین افزایش سطح منظر نرم یا سرسبزی پارک های شهری مهم ترین رویکرد جهت افزایش استفاده و بازدید از این اماکن شناخته شد. به طور کلی می توان گفت که دسترس پذیری پارک های شهری به وسیله مکان یابی مناسب و بهینه اصلی ترین عامل برای مراجعه و استفاده از پارک های شهری توسط شهروندان می باشد و در مجموع شاخص های بیان شده در سه بخش فردی، بین فردی و ساختاری به وسیله شاخص طراحی می تواند به طور مناسب در پارک های شهری در نظر گرفته شود که این نکته باید توسط طراحان و برنامه ریزان شهری مورد توجه قرار گیرد تا در طراحی ها و برنامه ریزی های خود شاخص های مطرح شده در تحقیق حاضر را مدنظر داشته باشند و مورد استفاده قرار دهند تا پارک های شهری طراحی شده در سطح شهرها از میزان بازدید کننده و استفاده کننده قابل قبول برخوردار باشند و رضایت آن ها را نیز جلب نمایند.Measuring the impact of individual, interpersonal, and structural factors on the use of urban parks
Introduction Urban green spaces are an important part of the socio-ecological landscape in cities and include parks, forests, gardens, walkways and greenways (Taylor & Hochuli, 2017: 26). In 2018, more than half of the world’s population lived in urban areas, and by 2050, two out of three people are expected to live in cities (Zhang etal, 2022: 1). Unfortunately, citizens are not only significantly deprived of the benefits of nature, but are also regularly affected by the adverse effects of rapid and unplanned urbanization (Bowler etal, 2010: 2 ; Evans, 2003: 536). Urban parks are vital assets that have beneficial effects on the physical and mental health of users (Bolitzer & Netusil, 2000: 186; Chiesura, 2004: 130 ; Yigitcanlar etal, 2020: 2). Urban green spaces contribute to human well-being through social interactions and improved mental health (Jennings & Bamkole, 2019: 453; Reyes-Riveros etal, 2021: 1; Taylor & Hochuli, 2015: 748) and provide spaces for recreation and community building. Ecologically, urban green spaces also provide wildlife habitat, reduce storm runoff, mitigate heat island effects, improve air quality, and can provide adaptation mechanisms for climate change (Derkzen etal, 2017: 107). From an environmental perspective, urban green space includes the living part of the physical structure of the city. Therefore, whenever the importance of urban green space in cities that desire to cultivate their culture of development and become developed is properly understood, the logic of design states that there should be a kind of balance between the inanimate and living parts of the physical structure. On the other hand, the creation of green space cannot be planned and designed separately from the needs of the urban community. The most suitable place for the physical and mental renewal of citizens are green and open spaces that are designed and planned to meet these goals (Bahram Soltani, 2019: 147). Methodology After collecting the questionnaires, the data in them was extracted and the frequency of each option in the questions was determined. After this process, the answers given to the available options (I completely agree, I agree, I have no opinion, I disagree, I completely disagree) were assigned points (4, 3, 0, 2, 1) in order. After applying the scoring averaging process, the score for each indicator was determined and compared with the average score (2/5) and the average score of other indicators, and finally, the summary of the aforementioned process was fully presented in the results section (Vafadari Komarolya etal, 2023: 233). In the data analysis related to the interview section, the structural analysis method was used, and the texts obtained from the interviews were examined word by word and line by line, and the relationship between the codes in them was discovered. Then, these texts were entered into the ATLAS.ti software, and the desired quotations and codings were made, and the relationship between the extracted codes was defined through the tools available in the software, and finally, these relationships were extracted from the software as a model. Then, by combining the results of the quantitative research, namely the questionnaire, and the qualitative research, namely the interview, through the integrated mixed research method, in which the value and position of quantitative and qualitative research are the same and are carried out simultaneously, the homogeneity and consistency of the results of these researches were examined, and the overall result was determined by combining the two quantitative and qualitative researches. Results and Discussion In general, based on the combination of quantitative and qualitative research results, it can be stated that raising the level of soft landscape or, in other words, increasing greenery in urban parks can be recognized as the most important approach in attracting more citizens to these places. In today's conditions of cities and their heavy traffic, proximity and easy access to urban places and uses are undeniable conditions, so the accessibility of urban parks with appropriate and optimal location of these places and also preparing appropriate conditions for creating security and safety in different directions in urban parks is very important and key. Also, one of the most important conditions for the desirability of a place depends on the facilities available in it, and accordingly, improving recreational and leisure facilities, furniture, lighting and illumination is effective in increasing the use of urban parks. Based on these materials, the importance of the urban park design index, which can include all the indicators mentioned in the research, is clear and evident that by improving this index, the overall desirability of urban parks in attracting and using them by citizens can be increased. Conclusion In general, it can be said that the accessibility of urban parks through appropriate and optimal location is the main factor for citizens to visit and use urban parks. In general, the indicators expressed in the three individual, interpersonal, and structural sections can be appropriately considered in urban parks through the design index. This point should be taken into account by urban designers and planners so that they consider and use the indicators proposed in the present study in their designs and planning so that urban parks designed in cities have an acceptable number of visitors and users and also attract their satisfaction.
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