جایگاه زنان در توسعه سیاسی؛ تحلیل مضمون برنامه های پنجم و ششم توسعه اقتصادی، اجتماعی و فرهنگی ج.ا.ایران (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
مقاله به بررسی جایگاه توسعه سیاسی زنان در برنامه های توسعه ای اخیر کشور پرداخته و چارچوب نظری نهادگرایی را برای تحلیل این جایگاه ارائه می دهد. این مقاله با تأکید بر اهمیت مشارکت در توسعه سیاسی و بررسی چالش ها و فرصت هایی که بر اساس نظریه نهادگرایی و نظریات آمارتیاسن در خصوص قابلیت و توانمندی برای زنان وجود دارد، به تحلیل جایگاه زنان در برنامه های توسعه ای می پردازد. در این راستا مشارکت زنان در فرآیند تصمیم گیری، حقوق شهروندی و آزادی های شخصی و عمومی به عنوان اصول اساسی توسعه سیاسی مورد تأکید قرار می گیرد. این پژوهش جایگاه زنان در برنامه های پنج ساله پنجم و ششم توسعه کشور را تحلیل کرده، اهداف، تأثیرات و نقاط قوت و ضعف این برنامه ها را با توجه به این نظریات بررسی می کند. تحلیل بر اساس مفهوم قابلیت افراد صورت می گیرد که شامل مواردی چون آموزش های اساسی، رسانه های آزاد، مشارکت آزاد در انتخابات و حقوق مدنی است. استفاده از مفهوم قابلیت می تواند به تقویت سیستم های سیاسی فراگیر کمک کرده و افراد را برای دستیابی به پتانسیل کامل خود توانمند سازد. با درک جامع تر از این مسائل، سیاست گذاران قادر خواهند بود استراتژی های هدفمندتر و مؤثرتری برای پیشبرد توسعه سیاسی و ارتقای قابلیت های انسانی تدوین کنند.The Position of Women in Political Development: The Content Analysis of Iran’s Fifth and Sixth Development Plans
IntroductionPolitical development is a process that enhances the responsibility and accountability of the government in fulfilling its roles and duties. This involves not only increasing the number of political actors but also improving their quality. A key component of political development is the promotion of political equality and public oversight. This ensures that all members of society have an equal opportunity to influence the political direction of their society and to monitor the activities, decision-making processes, and actions of the government. Furthermore, the optimal use of both potential and actual human resources is a critical prerequisite for achieving development. Women constitute a crucial part of this effective force, and their optimal involvement is essential. It is important to recognize that human resources in development theories are not limited to men (Afrakhteh & Saraei, 2013). The position of women in the political development of a country is vital for promoting gender equality and ensuring inclusive governance. Thus, increasing women’s participation is essential for advancing political and economic development. Highlighting the importance of women’s participation in political development, the present study aimed to examine the long-term and mid-term consequences of their involvement in development plans. Addressing the research problem is crucial for developing comprehensive strategies, policies, and interventions that promote gender equality, inclusive governance, and sustainable development. The development plan plays a key role in shaping a country’s path toward progress, serving as a practical guide for executive and administrative bodies. Iran’s Development Plans encompass a set of mid-term initiatives, approved by the Islamic Parliament of Iran, that span a five-year period under the current government.Literature ReviewThe issue of gender permeates all institutions, as well as the intellectual and value systems of society. It is essential for values, norms, beliefs, legal frameworks, government institutions, organizations, decision-making systems, and policymakers to be attuned and responsive to the need for equal opportunities, facilitates, and gender equality (Afrakhteh & Saraei, 2013). Amartya Kumar Sen, a prominent institutional economist, emphasizes the importance of making individuals more capable, particularly women. In his book Development as Freedom, Sen dedicated a chapter to the active role of women in driving social transformations (Sen, 1999). A critical factor contributing to various forms of inequality against women is the planning process. Policies, programs, resource allocation, and other aspects of planning frequently result in women receiving a disproportionately smaller share of welfare benefits and occupying a marginal position in development. This disparity is evident across key indicators such as education, health, employment, and political participation (Sen, 1999). Concerning the Persian-language literature, the book Women and Political Participation (2017) by Simin Hajipour Sardovii used a questionnaire, administered to both men and women, to collect and analyze the relevant data. It explored structural barriers and gender issues in the dynamics of male–female relations in society. Moroever, in The Position of Women in the Progress of Society in Iran’s Five-Year Development Plans (2018), Mohammadi critically evaluated feminist theories while conceptualizing Islamic perspectives on women’s roles in society. Using a theoretical framework rooted in Islamic thought, the author examined women’s interactions and the concept of development, focusing on the involvement and support for women within the context of Iran’s First to Fifth Development Plans.Materials and Methods The present study used thematic analysis to examine the content of Iran’s Fifth and Sixth Economic, Social, and Cultural Development Plans. This process involved collecting relevant materials, including interviews, articles, and guidelines, related to women’s political participation and their position in Iran’s Development Plans. The data was then analyzed to identify key themes and patterns concerning women’s empowerment, gender equality, and political development.Results and DiscusssionThe research hypothesis posits that enhancing political development indicators for women in Iran, through the country’s five-year development plans, will help dismantle structures of inequality and strengthen women’s empowerment. Guided by this hypothesis and a robust theoretical framework, the study yielded several key findings. First, women’s political participation was identified as a critical aspect of political development. Second, the analysis highlighted structural barriers and gender issues that hinder women’s active participation in political processes. Additionally, the study examined the contribution of Iran’s Development Plans in advancing women’s empowerment and promoting gender equality. Fourth, the research explored the strategies and policies necessary to increase women’s political participation and ensure equal opportunities in social and political arenas. Finally, the study assessed the progress made and the challenges encountered in achieving women’s empowerment and gender equality within the framework of Iran’s Development Plans.ConclusionThe findings can have significant implications for policymakers, government agencies, and organizations involved in development planning and implementation. Drawing on the concept of capability, Amartya Sen emphasizes the individual’s ability to utilize facilities, resources, and goods in alignment with their diverse human characteristics. The current research underscored the critical role of women’s political participation in fostering inclusive governance and gender equality in development plans. The strategies and policies identified in this study provide valuable guidelines for enhancing women’s empowerment and creating an environment conducive to their active participation in decision-making. By addressing both the challenges and opportunities associated with women’s participation, the study contributes to the formulation of comprehensive and effective development plans that benefit the whole societ.
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