بررسی راهبرد «بومی سازی» در برگردان عربی عناصر فرهنگی رمان درازنای شب بر اساس نظریه «ذخایر فرهنگی ایون زوهر» (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
یکی از مباحث مهم و مورد توجه نظریه پردازان علم ترجمه، ارتباط عمیق بین فرهنگ و زبان است. بسیاری از مترجمان و نظریه پردازان برای ترجمه متون این دو را لازم و ملزوم یکدیگر می دانند. نمی توان انکار کرد که زبان بخش بزرگی از فرهنگ را تشکیل می دهد و تأثیر فرهنگ و زبان بر یکدیگر تأثیری متقابل است. در نظریه ذخایر فرهنگی ایون زوهر، زبان به عنوان یک ذخیره فرهنگی به شمار می رود که خود متشکل از ریزفرهنگ هاست. وی با تکیه بر این نظریه از یک سو به بررسی تعامل بین فرهنگ های مختلف می پردازد و از سوی دیگر، تعامل بین فرهنگ و زبان را بررسی می کند. در حیطه ادبیات، داستان ها و رمان ها را می توان منابع غنی فرهنگ یک زبان معرفی کرد. از این رو، این مقاله می کوشد با استفاده از روش توصیفی- تحلیلی بر مبنای نظریه ایون زوهر راهکارهای بومی سازی عناصر فرهنگی را در ترجمه عربی یکی از رمان های جمال میرصادقی با عنوان درازنای شب به کوشش احمد یوسف شتا بررسی کند. نتیجه این پژوهش نشان می دهد مترجم به دلیل وام گیری زبانی، مبادلات فرهنگی، اشتراکات مسائل اجتماعی، وحدت ادیان و تشابه آداب و رسوم مذهبی در بومی سازی عناصر فرهنگی از روش هایی چون تجزیه و تحلیل فرهنگی -اختلاط فرهنگی– اصلاح فرهنگی و تطبیق فرهنگی بهره جسته است. از این رمان در مجموع 829 عنصر فرهنگی استخراج شد. نتایج بررسی ترجمآ این عناصر فرهنگی نشان می دهد که دو راهکار انتقال عینی (45 درصد) و فرهنگ زدایی (37 درصد) بیشترین بسامد را داشته اند. بسامد بالای این دو راهکار نشان دهنده عدم توجه نویسنده به بومی سازی عناصر فرهنگی و تلاش برای انتقال فرهنگ مبدأ به فرهنگ مقصد است.Investigating the Strategy of "Indigenization" in the Arabic Translation of the Cultural Elements of the Novel " Length of the Night" According to the Theory of "Cultural Resources of Zohar"
A significant and intriguing subject for translation science theorists is the profound relationship between culture and language. Numerous translators and theorists regard these two as essential for text translation. Language constitutes a significant component of culture, and the interplay between culture and language is reciprocal. Even Zohar's concept of cultural reserves views language as a microculture-based cultural reserve. This theory examines, on one hand, the interaction among various cultures, and on the other hand, the interplay between culture and language. In literature, stories and novels serve as profound repositories of a language's culture. This article employs the descriptive-analytical method, grounded in Even Zohar's theory, to examine the localization solutions of cultural elements in the Arabic translation of Jamal Mirsadeghi's novel "Length of the Night" by Ahmed Yusuf Shatta. This study shows that the translator used methods like cultural analysis, cultural mixing, cultural reform, and cultural adaptation to make cultural elements more relevant to the target audience. These methods were influenced by language borrowing, cultural exchanges, shared social issues, religious unity, and similar religious practices. This text identified a total of 829 cultural components. The findings of the translation of these cultural elements indicate that the two strategies of objective transfer (45%) and deculturalization (37%) exhibited the highest prevalence. The frequent occurrence of these two solutions indicates the author's negligence in localizing cultural elements and in transferring the source culture to the target culture.IntroductionCulture serves as a foundation for the development of sustainable social behaviors, the primary source for the establishment of values, identities, education, art, literature, and cultural distinctions. It is among the most utilized and intricate notions in the social and human sciences, encompassing a collection of ideas and values. It pertains to the requirements, habits, customs, knowledge, art, technology, thoughts, emotions, attitudes, actions, and other elements collectively shared by a group of individuals in specific contexts. The profound relationship between culture and language has long been a significant focus, particularly in the realm of translating cultural elements. Numerous translators and theorists regard this connection as essential for effective text translation. Language undeniably constitutes a significant aspect of culture, and culture and language exert reciprocal impact on one another. Language serves as a primary medium for humans to convey information, thoughts, and emotions. Languages have developed in many manners based on geographical location and temporal context. The variety and scope of languages, coupled with the necessity for comprehension, have prompted translation scholars to focus intently on this discipline. Language is a profound and intricate sign of culture and civilization that has captivated numerous philosophical perspectives. Language serves as a conduit for conveying thoughts, emotions, and experiences throughout society; it functions not merely as a social instrument but primarily as an intellectual and philosophical framework of considerable depth and scope. The abundance of languages and cultures today makes it impossible to know them all. To master a language thoroughly, one must comprehend and assimilate the culture of its speakers. Familiarity with many cultures enhances language acquisition by providing greater insight and fostering a better comprehension of words and terms. Furthermore, it serves a significant function in interpersonal communication. This is a context in which an individual may comprehend all languages and cultures through the application of translation techniques, wherein the translation of cultural components enhances the accessibility of the text for readers.Translation is the process of transferring text from one language to another, serving as a communication bridge across diverse languages and cultures. Its primary objective is to convey thoughts across languages, acknowledging that each language possesses its structure, terminology, and cultural nuances. The technique is recognized as intricate and demanding, warranting careful consideration in translation. Certain concepts and terminology may pose challenges in translation owing to cultural and historical disparities among languages. Language and translation are fundamental components of human communication, significantly facilitating the exchange of knowledge, culture, and interaction among individuals and cultures. The translation of literary works across languages significantly contributes to the enhancement and evolution of the culture and language of other societies. However, this influence might also have some negative consequences. Among these detrimental effects, the proliferation of foreign lexicon in the target language might be noted. To address these issues, it is essential to develop solutions that enhance the quality of translation. The material should be comprehensible to the reader with minimal disruption and without the inclusion of foreign terminology. To this end, theorists like Ivir and Itamar Even-Zohar have suggested several alternatives, including enhancement, objective transfer, localization, elaboration, elimination, and deculturalization.Research methodologyThis research is conducted utilizing library sources and a descriptive-analytical methodology, grounded in Even Zohar's idea of cultural reserves. Thus, microcultures are initially detected in the source language. The localized translation of these microcultures in the target language is delineated, followed by the articulation of the most successful technique for the localization of cultural aspects, accompanied by justification. Literature ReviewEven Zohar's theory of cultural reserves hasn't been studied much, and the novel "Length of the Night" and its Arabic translation haven't been looked at from a cultural point of view either. Because of this, this topic is seen as new and different.In her 2013 dissertation titled "Examination of Story Elements in Three Works by Jamal Mirsadeghi (Length of the Night, The Winds Herald the Change of Season, Ibrahim's Anxieties)," Masoumeh Nemati analyzes the narrative components and concludes that the author employs these story elements in his works. He employs authentic narratives in characterization and dialogue. All three novels exhibit a pyramidal structure (beginning-middle-end) and are permeated with hopelessness and melancholy. An analysis of three novels reveals that Mirsadeghi's writing style has evolved considerably, with Ibrahim's anxiety novel attaining a superior status in structural quality and literary artistry relative to the other two works.Binazir Khajepour (2014) authored a thesis named "Zohar Cultural Reserves." This paper looks at the theory behind microcultures in translation and how they are used in the novel "My Uncle Napoleon" and its English translation. It does this by looking at microcultures in both the source and target languages and using the theory's translation strategies. This concludes that the translator's primary method for Iranian microcultures was initially deculturalization followed by localization. The paper "Theory of Zohar Cultural Reserves and Analysis of Translation Strategies of Microcultures" stems from this thesis. The research case about the novel "Napoleon's Uncle" in relation to the English translation was extracted and published in 2016.The essay "Analysis of the Translation of Phonemes from Persian to Arabic: A Case Study of the Novel 'Length of the Night' by Jamal Mirsadeghi" by Khosro Jangharban and Ali Bashiri (1400) only analyzed the translation of phonemes from a linguistic perspective. The outcome of this investigation was the producer.ConclusionThe novel encompasses cultural components such as lexicon, terminology, proverbs, and poetry. The novel's primary focus on religion has afforded the translator comprehensive authority over the narrative themes, due to the religious parallels between the two civilizations. The translator's expertise with Persian language and culture enhances the significance of the translation. In a dependable translation, the translator has employed terminology that, alongside eloquence, effectively conveys the semantic and cultural nuances of the microculture. Equivalents utilized in the target language serve as appropriate replacements. While the translator endeavors to revise the text to reflect the transitional and cultural significance of the words, he occasionally alters them to align with cultural elements. To achieve cultural amalgamation, he examines these elements, translates their meanings, and elucidates the cultural aspects of the translation. The translation appears lifeless and lacks literary structure. Although he has attempted to mitigate this problem with appropriate equations, the limitations of literal translation have nonetheless diminished its aesthetic appeal.
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