تحولات مفهومی آرمان شهر در جامعه شناسی معاصر با تأکید بر رویکرد نهادی (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
اندیشه ورزی پیرامون جامعه مطلوب سابقه طولانی در تاریخ تفکر بشری داراست و در بیشترصورتبندی های اجتماعی وجود داشته است. جامعه شناسی معاصر علیرغم تفاوت هایی که با اندیشه ها ی نظریه پردازان کلاسیک دارد غالباً شامل نوعی تصور صریح یا ضمنی از جامعه مطلوب بوده است. در دهه های اخیر تلاش های فکری جامعه شنا سان در باب وضعیت مطلوب جامعه، عمدتاً حول گفتمان های نظری و در قالب اصطلاحات و مفاهیم جدید دنبال می شود که نوشتار حاضر تلاش می کند با روش مروری تحلیلی به این سؤال بپردازد که در دهه های اخیر چه تغییراتی در مفهوم آرمان شهر نسبت به دیدگاه های کلاسیک جامعه شنا سی به وجود آمده است؟ در پاسخ می توان، توجه به رویکردهای نهادی در کنار پیچیدگی های فزاینده جامعه جدید را به عنوان فرضیه مطرح کرد. برای این منظور ادبیات نظری و مفهومی حاکم بر موضوع و ویژگی های نظم اجتماعی و جامعه مطلوب را در جامعه شنا سی کنونی مورد بحث قرارداد که حاصل آن ظهور مفاهیم جدید همچون جامعه خوب، جامعه مدنی، جامعه سالم، جامعه شایسته و بالاخره جامعه خلاق است. نقطه مشترک همه این مفاهیم علاوه بر نقد وضعیت های جاری ترسیم وضعیتی بهتر برای ارتقای شکوفایی انسان و رفاه اجتماعی است. آن ها همچنین به اهمیت نهادها و ساختارهای اجتماعی در شکل دادن به جامعه مطلوب پرداخته اند که تا قبل از آن مورد توجه نبوده است.Conceptual developments of Utopia in contemporary sociology Emphasizing the institutional approach
Thinking about ideal society has a long history in the history of human thought and has existed in most social formations. Contemporary sociology, despite its differences from the ideas of classical theorists, often includes an explicit or implicit idea of a desirable society. In recent decades, the intellectual efforts of sociologists regarding the desired state of society have mainly been based on new concepts. This article attempts to address the question of what changes have occurred in the concept of utopia compared with classical sociological views in recent decades using an analytical review method. In response, attention to institutional approaches and the increasing complexities of the new society can be put forward as a hypothesis. For this purpose, the theoretical and conceptual literature that governs the subject and features of social order and desirable society has been discussed in current sociology, which has resulted in the emergence of concepts such as good society, civil society, sane society, worthy society, and creative society. The common point of all these concepts, in addition to criticizing current situations, is drawing a better picture to promote human flourishing and social welfare. They have also discussed the importance of institutions and social structures in shaping the desired society, which was not considered before. Keywords: desirable society (utopia), good society, civil society, sane society, decent society, creative society. Extended abstract 1.Introduction: Searching for an ideal society in which there are fewer individual and social problems has been the concern of thinkers for a long time, and it exists in some way in most political and social theoretical models. From this perspective, the emergence of sociology can be interpreted as the epistemological evolution of these efforts to achieve better social conditions. The thoughts of sociological theorists mostly include an explicit or implicit idea of a desirable society because sociology has always been a field that raises questions about how society is structured and what can constitute a desirable society. The present article tries to provide a theoretical framework for understanding and analyzing modern society from the perspective of utopian thinking and to address the question of what changes have occurred in the concept of a desirable society in recent decades compared to classical sociological views. Methodology: The method of this study is an analytical review in which, while examining and systematically comparing the views of sociologists on the subject of the ideal society, attention has been paid to the deep analysis of the theoretical concepts that have been more influential in this field. 3.Findings: One of these main concepts in the literature of the desired society is the concept of "good society", the most effort in its theoretical development is due to the efforts of Robert Bella and Etzioni. Its premise is that any society, no matter how good it is, can be improved, which includes a list of shortcomings and ideas that underlie the existence of any society. Another one of these concepts is "civil society", which is based on two contradictory principles: the equality and freedom of the individual and the social autonomy of individuals. Habermas considers societies as a combination of functional systems (mainly economy and government) and Life-world. The mutual influence of systems and the Life-world is the problem of the new society, which Habermas interprets as "colonization of the Life-world ". Habermas also accepts the idea that civil society can act as a mediator between the political system and the Life-world. Geoffrey Alexander considers civil society as a sub-sector of society that is empirically and analytically separated from political, economic, and religious life to different degrees. According to him, the quality of civil society depends on various sources, including political life, economic institutions, an
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