مقایسه اثربخشی درمان پذیرش و تعهد وجودنگر با درمان شفقت محور بر فاجعه پنداری و ادراک طردشدگی در زنان آسیب دیده از پیمان شکنی همسر (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
این پژوهش با هدف مقایسه اثربخشی درمان مبتنی بر پذیرش و تعهد و شفقت محور بر فاجعه پنداری و ادراک طردشدگی زنان آسیب دیده از پیمان شکنی همسرشان انجام شد. روش تحقیق آزمایشی در سه مرحله پیش آزمون، پس آزمون و پیگیری انجام شد. در این پژوهش، 51 زن که پیمان شکنی همسرخود را تجربه کرده بودند، به طور تصادفی در دو گروه آزمایش و یک گروه کنترل قرار گرفتند. برای جمع آوری داده ها از پرسشنامه فاجعه پنداری و پرسشنامه ادراک طردشدگی استفاده شد. دو گروه، درمان پذیرش و تعهد وجودنگر و درمان شفقت محور را در 10 جلسه دریافت کردند. داده ها با استفاده از آزمون تحلیل واریانس با اندازه گیری مکرر و آزمون تعقیبی بونفرونی تجزیه وتحلیل شدند. نتایج نشان دادند زنانی که تحت درمان پذیرش و تعهد وجودنگر و درمان شفقت محور قرار گرفتند، فاجعه پنداری و ادراک طردشدگی کمتری نسبت به گروه کنترل داشتند؛ اما بین دو گروه درمانی تفاوت معنی داری وجود نداشت. درمان پذیرش تعهد وجودنگر و درمان شفقت محور در کاهش فاجعه پنداری و ادراک طردشدگی در زنان آسیب دیده از پیمان شکنی همسرانشان اثربخشی خوبی دارند. براساس یافته ها، درمان پذیرش و تعهد وجودنگر و درمان شفقت محور، گزینه های مناسبی برای درمان زنانی هستند که پیمان شکنی همسر خود را تجربه کرده اند.The Comparing the Effectiveness of Existentialism Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Compassion-Focused Therapy on Catastrophizing and Rejection Perception in Women Affected by Their Husbands’ Infidelity
This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of existential acceptance and commitment therapy and compassion-focused therapy for improving catastrophizing and rejection perception among women affected husband infidelity. An experimental design was employed in three stages: pre-test, post-test, and follow-up. The participants were 51 women who had experienced husband infidelity. They were randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group. The catastrophizing and rejection perception scales were used to collect data. The two groups received existential acceptance and commitment therapy and compassion-focused therapy, in 10 sessions. The data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test. The results showed that the women who underwent treatment based on existential acceptance and commitment therapy and compassion-focused therapy had significantly less catastrophizing and rejection perception than the control group. However, there was no significant difference between the two therapy groups. Both existential acceptance and commitment therapy and compassion-focused therapy had good efficacy in reducing catastrophizing and rejection perception in women affected by their husbands' infidelity. Based on the findings, the existential acceptance and commitment therapy and compassion-focused therapy are suitable options for treating women who have experienced their husband's infidelity. Introduction*The experience of a husband's infidelity behaviors is the most painful experience for an individual in an intimate relationship such as marriage (Arantes et al., 2020). Catastrophizing and rejection perception are among the issues that women affected by their husband's infidelity endure. Catastrophizing is a negative cognitive-emotional response to pain and the tendency to exaggerate pain symptoms along with feelings of helplessness, which can increase the perception of the severity of the problem and emotional distress (Chen et al., 2021). Rejection perception is a process that hinders a person's sense of belonging and relational needs due to being rejected by a social group or others. (Ren et al., 2018). To enhance the proper functioning of families in crises such as the husband's infidelity, existentialism acceptance and commitment therapy can be utilized. Existentialism acceptance and commitment therapy focuses more on meaning and value and pays less attention to the emotional aspect (Ramsey Widmar, 2015). On the other hand, compassion-focused therapy (CFT) focuses more on emotions (Leaviss & Uttley, 2015). Selecting these two therapeutic approaches for comparison seems appropriate (Mohammadi et al., 2022). Thus, the present study aims to compare the effectiveness of compassion-focused therapy with existentialism acceptance and commitment therapy on catastrophizing and rejection perception in women affected by their husband's infidelity. MethodThis practical and experimental study was conducted in three groups and three stages: pre-test, post-test, and follow-up. The statistical population of the study included all women affected by their husband's infidelity who referred to counseling centers in Isfahan City in the spring of 2023. After the initial interview, 51 women were purposefully selected and randomly assigned to the three groups. Of the 17 participants (two treatment groups and one control group), the research tools were the Catastrophizing Questionnaire (Sullivan et al., 1979) and the Rejection Perception Questionnaire (Penhalegon et al., 2009). Existentialism acceptance and commitment group and compassion-focused group focused on compassion received treatment during ten sessions. At the beginning of treatment, in addition to collecting demographic information, the level of catastrophizing and rejection perception was measured as a pre-test, after the interventions as a post-test, and one month after the intervention as a follow-up. Descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics, including repeated measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni post-hoc test, were used to analyze the collected data using SPSS 26 software. ResultsBefore running the analysis of the variance test with repeated measurements, we checked its assumptions. We used the Shapiro-Wilk test for normality (p>0.05) and the assumption of normality of the data was met. By performing the Lone test, the null hypothesis of the equality of variance of the three groups in both variables at the pre-test, post-test, and follow-up stages was confirmed (p > 0.05). The results of the M-box test for catastrophizing (Box's M = 44.13, P = 0.25 > 0.05) and rejection perception (Box's M = 21.21, P = 0.08 > 0.05) indicated the equality of the variance-covariance matrix and the interaction effect of group membership with the pre-test, which also showed the equality of the slope of the regression lines (p ≤ 0.05). Finally, the results of Mauchly's test for catastrophizing (Mauchly = 0.25, p = 0.01 < 0.001) and rejection perception (Mauchly= 0.46, p = 0.01 < 0.001) were significant. As a result, we used Greenhouse-Geisser test to analyze the research data. To determine the pairwise differences between the three research groups, a Bonferroni post-hoc test was performed. In the catastrophizing variable, in the time factor, there was a significant difference between pre-test, post-test, and follow-up, and also between post-test and follow-up (again, an increase in catastrophizing) (p < 0.01). Considering the average of the three stages, catastrophizing decreased significantly from pre-test to post-test and follow-up but increased from post-test to follow-up significantly. (p < 0.01). In comparing the three groups, the existential acceptance and commitment therapy group and the compassion-focused therapy group had a significant difference from the control group, but there was no significant difference between the two therapy groups. In the rejection perception variable, in the time factor, there was a significant difference between the pre-test, post-test, and follow-up (p < 0.01). However, there was no significant difference between post-test and follow-up (stability of results from post-test to follow-up) (p < 0.05). Considering the means of the three stages, rejection perception lowered significantly from the pre-test stage to the post-test stage but did not change Significantly from the post-test level to the follow-up stage (p < 0.05). In comparing the three groups, the existential acceptance and commitment therapy group and the compassion-focused therapy group had a significant difference from the control group, there was no significant difference between the two therapy groups. ConclusionThis study aimed to determine the effectiveness of existential acceptance and commitment therapy and compassion-focused therapy on catastrophizing and rejection perception in women affected by their husband's infidelity. The results showed that both existential acceptance and commitment therapy and compassion-focused therapy had a significant effect on reducing catastrophizing and rejection perception in women affected by their husband's infidelity compared to the control group. These findings are consistent with the findings of Mohammadi et al. (2022) on the effectiveness of existential acceptance and commitment therapy on psychological well-being, Ezzatpanah and Latifi (2020) on the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy and compassion-focused therapy on catastrophizing, as well as Daneshnia et al. (2020) on the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on catastrophizing. Existential acceptance and commitment therapy helps clients stop overthinking on what they have lost and instead look for meaning. Training in cognitive awareness, psychological acceptance, cognitive detachment, cognitive fusion, value clarification, and motivation for committed action promotes psychological flexibility, which reduces catastrophizing and rejection perception (Mohammadi et al., 2022). The effectiveness of compassion-focused therapy on catastrophizing and perceived rejection suggests that compassion practices can help people be kinder to themselves instead of criticizing and blaming, ultimately reducing their catastrophizing. Compassion towards oneself also increases resilience by controlling individuals' reactions to stressful and unpleasant events. It reduces the rejection perception in people. As a result, the existential acceptance and commitment therapy and compassion-focused therapy for the effectiveness of women affected by husbands' infidelity have similar processes to acceptance and commitment therapy. Hence, they are effective in reducing catastrophizing and rejection perception in women affected by their husbands' infidelity.The limitations of the research include the difficulty of accessing the statistical population and sampling, the type of experimental research, and the lack of comparison of the treatment based on acceptance and existential commitment with other treatment methods. The sample is limited to women who have experienced infidelity by their husbands and who have visited counseling centers in Isfahan. Furthermore, self-report questionnaires to measure catastrophizing and rejection perception produce superficial information and may be associated with social desirability. Therefore, in future research, we can compare the effectiveness of this treatment with other treatments and other clinical groups and provide the necessary infrastructure for these treatments in counseling and psychology centers. Ethical ConsiderationsCompliance with Ethical Guidelines: We strictly observed all ethical considerations during the research process. It included ensuring the confidentiality of participants' identities and obtaining informed consent from all participants.Author Contributions: All authors contributed to the study. The first author administered treatments to the participants and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. The second author edited the manuscript.Conflict of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest for this study.Funding: The authors received no financial support for the study.Acknowledgments: The authors would like to thank all participants for their time and participation in this study. * Corresponding author
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