Stella Ifeoma Orakwue

The study of path loss propagation is of high importance in telecommunication, for optimizing the efficiency of wireless communication networks. In this paper, four path loss propagation models; free space path loss (FSPL) model, Okumura model, Okumura-Hata model, and COST 231-Hata model were compared. The models were compared using measurement data from Choba, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. The data is gotten from a 4G walk test using two mobile applications. The first mobile application Network, Signal Info (version 5.68.07), was used to acquire the received signal strength in and the distance between the BTS antenna and the mobile antenna. While the second mobile application, G-NetTrack Lite (version 14.8), was used to map out the track path followed during the test. Choba, the study area, is a coastal suburban area with map coordinates 4.8941° N, 6.9263° E. The measured distance range was from 0.09 km to 0.45 km, and a path loss range of 69dB to 81dB. While the BTS and mobile antenna heights were 32 m and 1m respectively, with a carrier frequency of 800MHz. BTS transmission power of 23 dBm was assumed, based on 3GPP eNodeB recommendations. A graph comparison of the studied models showed that Okumura-Hata model and COST 231-Hata model had the closest predictions to the measured path loss. The need for better path loss models for 4G and 5G propagations was observed

This paper presents implementation of cost-effective solar powered hydroponic system with Internet of Things (IoT) for online and remote checking and controlling the system operation. The objective was to take advantage of the abundant solar energy while incorporating IoT platform into the system. The system is made up of power supply unit, control unit, Wi-Fi unit, input unit and output unit. The system monitored temperature, humidity and volume of the nutrient solution and at the same time sent online messages to the farmer. The test carried out showed that the system is working and the readings obtained online showed a ± 1% variation from the physical measurement done remotely with meters. This implies that the online control of the system operation was effective