Sustainable Development

The following study aims to present a consistent framework for the sustainable development of the troglodyte village of Kandovan, taking into consideration the present situation of the village and the paramount importance of preserving its unique way of life with the ultimate goal of making efficient improvements on the living conditions of its inhabitants. Located in north-western Iran, this tourist location, which is the sole troglodyte village in the world still occupied by human dwellers, is carved entirely out of a chain of cliffs. This stone-age lifestyle in the midst of our modern times has bestowed incomparable charms to Kandovan, turning it into a major source of wonderment and fascination. Regrettably, however, the emigration of its inhabitants has placed the village and what it stands for under serious threat. This research will attempt to identify and analyze the reasons for the diminishing of the local population, and goes some way to providing practical solutions to tackle this problem, utilizing an effective application of the principles of sustainable development on both environmental and architectural aspects.

A major reason why many developing nations have not made significant advancement in sustainable development (SD) agenda is the neglect of existing building stock which forms the bulk of built assets. Although sustainable development is a universal challenge, it cannot be approached in the same way for all nations, but rather practical response can be defined nationally or locally. This paper reviewed literature into the possibility of using an improvement strategy model to eliminate waste and inefficient facilities in existing buildings from occupants and property managers’ view points for sustainability in developing nations using Nigeria as an example while emphasis is placed on the multi-stakeholder/interdisciplinary approach in which each professional in the built environment add discipline-specific data to a single shared model. Many writers have criticized the ignorance of end-user requirements during the construction briefing, highlighting the communications gap between the end-users, designers and owners, and that little had since improved. This paper suggests a way forward in which “bottom-up” improvement policy formulation and subsequent implementation would stem from occupants and property managers rather than “top-down” governance approach in most developing countries. The concepts of lean thinking, zero emission and green building were incorporated into the Building Information Modeling to develop an improvement strategy model for existing buildings with the condition that the use is retained. It is envisaged that improvement would be cheaper financial-wise than to demolish and rebuild; environmental friendly; and bring about an appreciably reduced maintenance cost.

Recycling process is one of the most important processes in the trend of sustainable development, a logical reaction against the problems that results from industrial age. Building materials can play an important role in the process of a building formation or destruction, in fact, materials forms the building nature. Thus, the role of material and the impact of its recycling in sustainable development context cannot be ignored. Also, due to the rate of destruction and renewals that exist in cities and considering to the point that almost half of fuel storages are consumed in the buildings, the mass of materials that are sources of potential energy, should not be ignored. So, it is obvious that finding a fundamental solution in this area is necessary. In terms of research performance, this study is qualitative and as descriptive-comparative investigation and selection of the concepts is based on library and documentary methods, surveying some characteristics of recycling which in terms of quality and technique effect on architecture has been attempted in this research. Therefore, the role of recycling materials and the importance of their potential energy in the trend of sustainable development are investigated in this paper by descriptive-comparative method and appropriate and optimum solutions provided in order to reduce energy consumption in the field of construction and building materials.

Localization of sustainable development goals could reasonably provide a framework to how local and regional governments meet their requirements in respective jurisdictions. Due to the importance of the environment protection in the process of the “sustainable development”, it is crucial for the states to include sustainable development goals in their regulations, laws and policies. In this perspective, presenting new approaches is utterly requested to protect the maritime environment of the Persian Gulf from destruction and degradation. Undoubtedly, there are a number of challenges and obstacles regarding the localization of SDGs in this region that the present paper will examine the strategies for addressing them. In fact, if environmental rules are internalized as a part of the domestic legal system, they will become more prominent and will be more respected. For this reason, one of the fundamental goals of this paper is to elaborate a suitable methodology to explain and design localized indicators of development sustainability at the regional level of the Persian Gulf. The main goals of sustainable development are to attain durable development in maritime areas in which efforts are made to provide a balance between economy, community and the marine environment.

The article examines the development of theoretical and methodological approaches and practical recommendations for improving the ecological and economic foundations of land management and land management at the local level in the example of the European Union. In practice, regional, spatial, strategic, landscape, and integrated types of land use development planning are most often used in the European Union. With the development of the market economy of European society, environmental problems arose, which prompted the development of landscape planning, both landscape-ecological and socio-economic aspects of territorial development. The experience of landscape planning was introduced in Germany, which later became used in almost all European countries. The study and direct comparison of existing landscape planning systems in different European countries, and their reduction to several basic features are not possible and impractical because these systems are very different. This is due to a number of reasons: history, features of political systems, cultural traditions, level of economic development, the nature of legal systems and property relations. Landscape planning in the European Union is going to be one of the tensest areas of activity in the future, and Ukraine must take an active part in this process.

پژوهش از نظر هدف کاربردی، از نظر نوع طبقه بندی آمیخته اکتشافی، در بعد کیفی داده شده از نظر ماهیت و بعد از کمی پیمایش مقطعی بوده است. شرکت کنندگان در بخش کیفی 18 نفر از اساتید علوم تربیتی بودند که به روش نمونه گیری هدف انتخاب شدند. جامعه آماری در بخش کمی، کلیه معلمان مقطع متوسطه استان همدان (3431 نفر) بودند که به روش نمونه گیری تصادفی خوشه ای 413 نفر انتخاب شدند. ابزار سنجش در بخش کیفی مصاحبه نیمه ساختاریافته و در بخش کمی پرسشنامه محقق ساخته بود. پرسشنامه پژوهش شامل 12 مؤلفه و 82 گویه است که ضریب آلفای کرونباخ آن 98/0 محاسبه شد. روایی صوری و پرسشنامه توسط متخصصان تایید شد. روش تحلیل داده ها در بخش کیفی، کدگذاری محورهای باز-انتخابی و در بخش کمی، تحلیل عاملی انتخابی با استفاده از نرم افزار smart PLS 3 شد. پژوهش های بخش کیفی شامل 12 مؤلفه شامل مولد شبکه ای، توسعه شایستگی های معلمان و شایستگی های مدرسه، ارتقای کیفیت در مدرسه، توسعه مدیریت دانش مدرسه، بلوغ یادگیرنده، غ مدرسه، عواملی، عوامل سازمانی، قابلیت های توسعه فردی و پایدار. نتایج تحلیل عاملی تاییدی برازش مناسبی را برای مدل نشان داد. نتایج تحقیق می تواند به مدیران ارشد نظام آموزشی در ایجاد مدارس کمک کند.

هدف این پژوهش طراحی الگویی برای مدرسه پایدار در جمهوری اسلامی ایران بود. روش تحقیق کیفی چند روشی شامل: روش فراترکیبی و مطالعه موردی بود. منابع گردآوری داده ها، کلیه تحقیقات مربوط به مدرسه پایدار برای دوره زمانی 1384 تا 139 بوده است. این پژوهش ها به روش نمونه گیری موردی از شدت با دقت نمونه گیری هدف انتخاب شده اند. در این بخش از تحلیل کیفی برای جمع آوری داده ها استفاده شده است. یافته های این بخش از مدل مدرسه پایدار را کرد. در مطالعه موردی، شرکت کنندگان بالقوه مورد مصاحبه، بومیان با تجربه بودند و اسناد بالادستی ایران و اظهارات رهبرانقلاب مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. اطلاعات کلیدی مورد مصاحبه با روش نمونه گیری هدفمند استاندارد انتخاب شدند. روش گردآوری داده ها در این بخش، مصاحبه نیمه ساختاریافته با خبرچینان کلیدی و اسناد کاوی بود. یافته های این پژوهش مدل مدرسه پایدار در جمهوری اسلامی ایران بود که شامل ورودی ها (معلم و کادر اجرایی، برنامه درسی، فضا و تجهیزات و خط مشی ها)، فرآیندها (تدریس، یادگیری، مدیریت و برنامه ریزی)، زیر سیستم ها (فردی) است. ساختاری، سیاسی و فرهنگی)، خروجی ها (دانش آموز با رویکرد توسعه پایدار و الگوی مدرسه پایدار) و ویژگی های آنها در قالب یک نظام اجتماعی. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که برای دستیابی به خروجی های مورد نظر، کلیه ورودی ها، فرآیندها و زیر سیستم ها باید دارای ویژگی های مناسب باشند. یافته های این پژوهش مدل مدرسه پایدار در جمهوری اسلامی ایران بود که شامل ورودی ها (معلم و کادر اجرایی، برنامه درسی، فضا و تجهیزات و خط مشی ها)، فرآیندها (تدریس، یادگیری، مدیریت و برنامه ریزی)، زیر سیستم ها (فردی) است. ساختاری، سیاسی و فرهنگی)، خروجی ها (دانش آموز با رویکرد توسعه پایدار و الگوی مدرسه پایدار) و ویژگی های آنها در قالب یک نظام اجتماعی. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که برای دستیابی به خروجی های مورد نظر، کلیه ورودی ها، فرآیندها و زیر سیستم ها باید دارای ویژگی های مناسب باشند. یافته های این پژوهش مدل مدرسه پایدار در جمهوری اسلامی ایران بود که شامل ورودی ها (معلم و کادر اجرایی، برنامه درسی، فضا و تجهیزات و خط مشی ها)، فرآیندها (تدریس، یادگیری، مدیریت و برنامه ریزی)، زیر سیستم ها (فردی) است. ساختاری، سیاسی و فرهنگی)، خروجی ها (دانش آموز با رویکرد توسعه پایدار و الگوی مدرسه پایدار) و ویژگی های آنها در قالب یک نظام اجتماعی. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که برای دستیابی به خروجی های مورد نظر، کلیه ورودی ها، فرآیندها و زیر سیستم ها باید دارای ویژگی های مناسب باشند. خرده سیستم ها (فردی، ساختاری، سیاسی و فرهنگی)، بروندادها (دانش آموز با رویکرد توسعه پایدار و الگوی مدرسه پایدار) و ویژگی های آنها در قالب یک نظام اجتماعی. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که برای دستیابی به خروجی های مورد نظر، کلیه ورودی ها، فرآیندها و زیر سیستم ها باید دارای ویژگی های مناسب باشند. خرده سیستم ها (فردی، ساختاری، سیاسی و فرهنگی)، بروندادها (دانش آموز با توسعه پایدار و الگوی مدرسه پایدار) و ویژگی های آنها در قالب یک نظام اجتماعی. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که برای دستیابی به خروجی موارد نظر، کلیه ورودی ها، فرآیندها و زیر سیستم ها باید دارای ویژگی های مناسب باشند.

To gain sustainable development, balanced development with maintaining environmental values, should be think about the evolution of the biological culture of societies so that people adapt to the sustainability. The purpose of this research was to study Geography students' awareness, attitudes, and behaviors toward sustainable development at Urmia University. This study is survey research, and the statistical population is Geography students at Urmia University. Among them, 149 students were selected using random sampling method, and the required information was collected by a questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed based on the evaluation of experts, and its reliability was confirmed by calculating Cronbach's alpha (environmental awareness= 0.71, environmental attitude= 0.78, and environmental behavior= 0.75).The findings indicated that 25.5% of the students had a high level, 41.5% had a medium level, and 33% had a low level of awareness, and 28.2% of students had a strong, 33.5% had a moderate, and 38.3% had a weak attitude toward sustainable development. Also, 42% of students had good behavior, 32.2% had moderate, and 35.8% had poor behavior in sustainable development. The results of the correlation analysis showed that there was a significant and positive relationship between these sets: awareness and attitude, awareness and behavior, and attitude and behavior toward sustainable development. Stepwise regression analysis indicated that attitude and Grade Average predict 19% of the variation inGeography students' behavior toward sustainable development. Therefore, it can be said that environmental education and changing students' attitude toward the environment are prerequisites for achieving sustainable development.

  Today, fashion as the most dominant consumption phenomenon, has led to consumerism lifestyle, which is considered as the most harmful lifestyle regarding environmental destruction. Now, the most important question in the future is how can lifestyles be directed to survival and continuity? Sustainable development with the slow-fashion movement in the clothing industry seeks to change the social attitude towards consumption. Hence, the present study has focused on the capabilities and challenges of shared clothing as one of the strategies of sustainable development in the field of clothing for the consumption, under the cultural conditions of our country, using the survey-field method. The statistical population of this study included 300 women aged 18-40 years in Tehran, who were selected by random sampling method. The tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. The questionnaire questions were designed in two parts of the audience's preferences regarding sharing and shareability in the form of 14 open and closed questions. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SPSS 22 . The results revealed that 55% of the respondents were willing to share clothing with others and 45% were not. Respondents who agreed with sharing were also asked about the criteria for sharing, where 67% of sharing was in the form of donation and charity, followed by an average of 59% of helping protect the environment. Also, at 95% confidence level, a significant relationship was found between degree of education and environmental protection.

Today, tourism has become a highly successful and profitable industry in the world, especially in developed countries. Hamadan province in Iran has a lot of tourist attractions. According to statistics released by the Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization in the province, there are over 1831 historical and cultural recorded works in Hamedan province. Therefore, by investing in the tourism sector, the province can be turned into a tourist destination, helping to create jobs and increase people's income. This research is an applied one, conducted by field and observation methods. Thus, tourism can be considered as a rescue tool for sustainable urban development, especially in marginalized areas. In this research, the effect of tourism industry on decreasing housing unsustainability will be studied in one of Hamedan's marginal neighborhoods, Manoochehri neighborhood, emphasizing on sustainability components. Using a researcher-made questionnaire, the researcher analyzed the extent of each of the components to answer the research questions and, through the SWOT table, identified the strategy of intervention in the neighborhood to reduce the incidence of unsustainability and, in the end, considering the strategy and the results of the questionnaire, it has come up with the necessary strategies.

Sustainable Development of tourism is aimed to promote tourism and attract tourists to a region using available resources, such a way that can also respond to the needs of economic, cultural and legal norms and expectations of tourist unity and cultural identity, environmental health, economic balance, destination and their guests to ensure a balanced and continuous optimal level. Tourism development in villages with valuable historical and architectural fabric of the canvas are oriented, means actualizing the values of the architectural attractions of the village and its introduction as a tourism destination. In this case providing services and facilities and develop infrastructure for the visiting tourists and residents is essential. The aim of presenting this paper reviews the development of sustainable rural tourism through the preservation rural texture of using SWOT model. Based on studies, rural revival and renewal, strengthen the role of rural tourism and if rural tourism is the most appropriate planning and management, it Can creator or stimulus developed a process for achieving sustainable development in rural areas and the tourism industry.

Today, tourism has become a highly successful and profitable industry in the world, especially in developed countries. Hamadan province in Iran has a lot of tourist attractions. According to statistics released by the Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization in the province, there are over 1831 historical and cultural recorded works in Hamedan province. Therefore, by investing in the tourism sector, the province can be turned into a tourist destination, helping to create jobs and increase people's income. This research is an applied one, conducted by field and observation methods. Thus, tourism can be considered as a rescue tool for sustainable urban development, especially in marginalized areas. In this research, the effect of tourism industry on decreasing housing unsustainability will be studied in one of Hamedan's marginal neighborhoods, Manoochehri neighborhood, emphasizing on sustainability components. Using a researcher-made questionnaire, the researcher analyzed the extent of each of the components to answer the research questions and, through the SWOT table, identified the strategy of intervention in the neighborhood to reduce the incidence of unsustainability and, in the end, considering the strategy and the results of the questionnaire, it has come up with the necessary strategies.

At the beginning of the third millennium tourism industry has obtained a special place in countries economy and plays an active and effective role in the promotion of cultural structure specially in developed countries. Generally the cities have several tourism attractions and attract many tourism among leisure activities the tourism has the highest variety and soul in one hand the most extensive spatial and local width on the other hand, perhaps it can be said that the tourism specially the urban tourism is along with leisure activities such as purchase, walking and at all and accordingly the tourism planning and management is one of the sensitive, complex and multidimensional tasks that has attracted the urban managers attention, nowadays the tourism is considered as an economic affair. Thus identify of work, activity and it’s purpose is very important because the cities are considered as a place for appearance of economic, political, social and cultural power and stimulus arm of the government. In the present research that is a descriptive- analytic study by means of swat model the pros and cans, opportunities and threats in the Malayer urban tourism have been explained and the obtained strategies of model have been presented. The obtained results indicate that Malayer city as the second city of Hamedan province inspire of having environmental capacities and historical and cultural background is not in suitable conditions from urban tourism point of view.

Today, tourism is one of the most dynamic activities in the socio-economic change in the area of the world that has increasingly become important. Because Information technology, cultural, political, social and economic infrastructures that create in the twenty-first century, tourism is an inevitable phenomenon of human behavior and action which would satisfy his curiosity spirit. Tourism as one of the sources of income and job creation at the local level which could be a strategy for economic development and in other economic sectors, especially at a time when profits are falling attractive alternative for them and a strategy for development. Sari city is one of the oldest cities in northern of Iran, which in addition to historically valuable and lively nature has perfect texture. Because of underdevelopment in recent years, the central part of the city that features one of traditional cities is included in decline. The subject matter in present study is evaluating the potential of city tourism in sustainable development. From the perspective of a problem, an imbalance in space could be expressed toward intervention in Space. In this article, we describe the precise definition of sustainable development and its role in the sustainable development of tourism in the Sari city and in addition to introducing and identifying the capabilities of the Sari city, the impacts of tourism development on urban development should be considered. In this view, the development of tourism by using existing resources in such a way that we respond to the needs of economic, social, cultural and legal norms and expectations of tourists to the unity of integrity, cultural identity, environmental health, economic balance and welfare of the people. To achieve this goal, we must promote local development and improve the quality of life of host; we should promote cultural, local and historical features and coordination between mutual needs of tourists and residents

The main purpose of this paper is to analyze and explain the environmental protection and sustainable development of tourism destinations in Iran's penal code. The main question of the present article is how has environmental protection and sustainable development of tourism destinations been considered in Iranian criminal law? To answer this main question, the loan we are trying to analyze is that environmental protection and sustainable development of tourism purposes require the protection of criminal law. The methodology of this research is to investigate the legal texts and the opinions of jurists and jurisprudents regarding the subject in terms of the subject and the objectives and the method of collecting information in a descriptive-analytical way. Accordingly, the collection of information in the form of a library and reference to databases and Internet searches of articles with a scientific degree of validity and updating will be. The data gathering tool is a snippet and database. The method of analysis in this paper will be qualitative and argumentative in this way, we examine the variables of the subject and describe and analyze the collected data in a systematic way.

Tourism is traveling for recreational, leisure, or business purposes, usually for a limited duration. Tourism is commonly associated with trans-national travel, but may also refer to travel to another location within the same country.  Iran is world famous for kind hospitality, friendliness, and beautiful landscapes and villages. Beautiful historical areas, like Ardabil, have been visited by many foreign and domestic tourists.  Therefore, the main purpose in this paper is to investigate the aspects of tourism in Ardabil from a sustainable and sociological view and also to study and introduce  Ardabil's Tourist Attractions. The method in this paper is qualitative and also action research and tools of data collection are documental and interviewing research participants.   It is worth mentioning that the present research, in its theoretical framework and data analysis, follows the Butler theory. Findings of the study show that Ardabil province has significant potentials for tourist attraction.

Today, advances in science and technology have increased human power to change the environment; This situation has endangered human survival. Sustainable development is one of the solutions to solve this challenge. The emphasis of sustainable development is on intergenerational commitment and intergenerational and intergenerational justice, quality of life and participation of individuals in the development process. Since international judicial authorities play an important role in the development of international law, it is important to address the jurisprudence of these courts in the context of sustainable development and its principles. This article analyzes some of the rulings of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea and states that in its decisions of the last two decades, the Court has made good use of the principles of sustainable development and revealed the normative element of the concept of sustainable development. The rulings of this court indicate the establishment of the position of these principles in the practice of this institution and its positive approach to the rights of future generations, while defending the interests of the current generation.

Sustainability consists of fulfilling the needs of current generations without compromising the needs of future generations, while ensuring a balance between economic growth, environmental care and social well-being. Sustainability includes three environmental, economic and social dimensions; whose environmental dimension has a decisive weight in sustainability. Many empirical sustainability-related researches have been carried out in the 2000s and 2010s, and the empirical model used in these studies was based on the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC). Also, the two concepts of human development and sustainability have been widely used in development literature in the past years, and humans have been considered as an important factor in the development of different societies in various studies. Composite index of human development includes various dimensions that can affect sustainability and especially environmental sustainability. Also, the influence of large oil revenues in the oil-owning and exporting countries on human development in these countries has played a prominent role, and has categorized the countries into three groups: oil-producing countries with high human development, oil-producing countries with medium human development, and oil-producing countries with low human development. This study has used the panel data method and the Kuznets function in the period of 2010-2019 to investigate the effect of the human development index in 35 major oil exporting countries in the world. According to the result of model estimation by econometric method, environmental sustainability in these countries increases with the increase in the human development index (HDI).

The purpose of this study is to prioritize the economic activities in Yazd Province, Iran, with a sustainable development approach and an emphasis on the importance of water intensity in economic activities. Therefore, multiple criteria were used to prioritize the activities that cover the economic, social and environmental dimensions of sustainable development. In the first stage, the SFLQ method was used to prepare an input-output table for Yazd Province. Then, the economic activities in the province were prioritized in terms of six criteria including the intensity of interdepartmental communication and value-added (economic dimension), job creation (social dimension) as well as energy intensity, water intensity and pollution (environmental dimension). Moreover, a combination of an input-output model and the TOPSIS method was applied. According to the results of this study, among the activities in the province, "transportation" proved to have the highest priority. It was also found that the ignorance of water use as an important criterion can lead to significantly different prioritization results.