digital sovereignty

This study presents a systematic literature review of 24 academic and policy-focused sources published between 2020 and 2025, synthesizing how AI literacy is conceptualized, operationalized, and integrated into national and regional strategies. Using the PRISMA framework, this study identifies recurrent challenges—such as infrastructural disparities, linguistic exclusion, and policy fragmentation—and highlights innovative, context-sensitive initiatives in countries like India, Kenya, and South Africa. The findings highlight that AI literacy as a multidimensional construct that encompasses technical proficiency, civic engagement, ethical reasoning, and digital sovereignty. The study reveals that national strategies often mirror Global North paradigms, risking misalignment with local epistemologies and socio-economic conditions. As a corrective, the review underscores the need for regionally grounded, community-informed, and equity-driven approaches that position AI literacy as a foundational right and development tool. By treating AI literacy as a cross-sectoral policy issue rather than a narrow educational objective, this research contributes to the emerging discourse on inclusive, democratic, and fair digital transformation.

This study investigates the evolving crisis of national sovereignty in the context of artificial intelligence and the expanding power of transnational technology corporations. Drawing from over thirty peer-reviewed academic and policy sources published between 2018 and 2025, this paper critically examines how traditional concepts of sovereignty—particularly data, digital, technological, and normative sovereignty—are being redefined by global AI infrastructures and the algorithmic authority of private firms. Employing a qualitative, interdisciplinary methodology grounded in law, political theory, and ethics, the research reveals growing asymmetries between state authority and corporate influence over digital infrastructures, data governance, and regulatory norms. Our findings highlight divergent policy responses, including efforts to reassert sovereign control through data localization, the pursuit of strategic autonomy, and emerging international cooperation frameworks. The study also evaluates normative debates surrounding legitimacy, democratic oversight, and algorithmic accountability. The study concludes that sovereignty in the AI era must be reconceptualized beyond territorial jurisdiction to include infrastructural and ethical dimensions, necessitating hybrid governance models that integrate states, civil society, and corporations, while prioritizing democratic legitimacy and public interest.