spectrum management

Background: The rapid evolution from 4G to 5G has transformed the telecommunications landscape, but as technological demands continue to grow, the shift toward 6G is gaining attention. 6G aims to address the limitations of 5G, such as latency and bandwidth constraints, while introducing new capabilities like terahertz communication and ubiquitous AI integration. Objective: This article explores the development roadmap of 6G, highlighting its applications across industries and addressing key challenges in its deployment. Methods: A comprehensive review of current literature on 5G advancements and emerging 6G technologies was conducted. Comparative analyses were performed on the theoretical frameworks of 6G’s core capabilities, including network architecture, spectrum management, and AI integration. Results: The study identified key applications for 6G, such as smart cities, autonomous transportation, healthcare, and industrial automation. It also highlighted the anticipated improvements in data transmission speed, reliability, and connectivity. Conclusion: 6G represents a pivotal evolution in telecommunications, offering transformation in numerous sectors. However, challenges such as infrastructure development, regulatory frameworks, and energy efficiency must be addressed.