universal declaration of human rights

The issue of human rights is currently one of the challenging issues facing the Islamic countries in international forums. Although The human right issue has had a different background in each Muslim country individually, yet the Muslim Countries face more or less some  similar challenges as a whole. This article is an attempt to explore the process of human right evolution in these countries and to identify the challenges ahead. The article argues that the challenges are theoretical and practical ones. It also argues that some of them are domestic ones and some are imposed by outside world. The article regards the  approval of the Declaration of Human Rights in Islam at the meeting of foreign ministers of the Organization of the Islamic Conference in Cairo in 1990 as a turning point in the evolutionary process partly due to the realization of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948, and partly to  the growing need and demand inside those countries.

The structure of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is based on humanistic thoughts, which has played an important role in its drafting motivations, content, and the actions of its implementers. It has specific foundations and reflections in the field of anthropology, which can be considered the anthropological bases of the Declaration of Human Rights. In this view, man, separated from origin and resurrection (eschatology), replaces God and prioritizes his own desires over God's. This descriptive-analytical article, by considering the content of the UDHR, aims to extract the foundations of human rights, which are, in fact, the foundations and reflections of humanistic thought, such as: negating the belief in origin and resurrection, negating the non-material dimension, negating gender rights, expanding and encroaching rights into other domains, negating duty-orientation, prioritizing hedonism over duty-orientation, negating dignity from religious ethics and rights, and finally, individualism.