emotional abuse

Aim: This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between childhood emotional maltreatment and the quality of a marital quality with the mediating role of defensiveness and mindfulness relationship. Method: The current research was descriptive and correlational using the structural equation modeling method. The statistical population of the present study consisted of all the married people of Tehran city in the fall of 2023, and 420 of them were selected from four psychology centers through an online call by the convenience sampling method. The tools of this research include relational-connectivity (R-C S, Galovan, 2021), relationship sabotage scale (RSS, Peel and Caltabiano, 2021), mindfulness relationship measure (RMM, Kimmes et al., 2017) and childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ, Bernstein et al., 2003). The data were analyzed using the structural equation modeling method with AMOS-24. Findings: The results indicated the appropriate fit of the model. The findings indicated that defensiveness and relationship mindfulness could predict the quality of marital relationship indirectly through neglect (p > 0.001). However, defensiveness and mindfulness in relation to emotional abuse did not predict the quality of marital relationships (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Relationship mindfulness and defensiveness play important roles in how childhood neglect impacts relationship quality. These findings underscore the necessity for interventions in marital relationships where childhood emotional neglect has occurred, as these couples may exhibit lower levels of relationship mindfulness and a greater tendency towards defensive behaviors. Therefore, therapy and support programs that target these areas may be particularly beneficial for enhancing relationship quality.

the present study investigates the prevalence of emotional abuse among professional athletes by their coach in Mashhad city of Iran. the current study is applied research, about 40 professional retired athletes have participated voluntarily in individual sports (swimming and martial arts) and team sports (handball and basketball). The semi-structured interviews were used to gather the data and descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. the results have shown that about 70 percent of participants have experienced various emotional abuse by their coach over years of playing professional sports and the maximal statistics belonged to criticism and reproach variables but just a few of them had reacted to their coach emotional abuse that entailed concentration disorders, performance and motivation decline, and ability obtainment issues. the results have shown that a high percent of athletes have experienced emotional abuse by their coach that encompassed many psychological and performing damages. Therefore, it is needed to train athletes’ preventable and resistant methods and the way of conveying these offensive behaviors to officials in order to reduce the damages of applied emotional abuse at athletes.