married people

Objective: The present study was conducted with the aim of designing and validating a pessimism questionnaire in married people.Methods: The research method was based on the applied objective and the mixed research method (qualitative-quantitative). The socio-statistics of the research were all professors and experts of clinical psychology and family counselors of Ardabil province in 2022. Among the statistical population, 15 people (11 men and 4 women) were selected based on the principle of opinion saturation as a statistical sample of the qualitative part, and 250 people (136 men and 114 women) were selected as a sample of the quantitative part as a non-random sampling available (easy access) became Interviews and researcher-made questionnaires were used to collect information. Thematic analysis was used with MAXQDA 2018 software to code the interview texts. Additionally, Cronbach's alpha method, construct validity (convergent and discriminant validity), and partial least squares (PLS) were used to analyze the data from the researcher-made questionnaire using SPSS and SmartPLS software.Results: The results indicated that the reliability and validity of the structure (convergence and divergence) were confirmed at an excellent level, and then the confirmatory factor analysis models were confirmed both in the mode of standard coefficients and the mode of absolute significance (p<0/05). Based on the results of this research, it is suggested that due to the innovation of this questionnaire, this questionnaire should be administered to couples before marriage in counseling centers and psychotherapy under the supervision of experienced professors with university experience and couples with pessimism problems before starting life.Conclusion: The joint should be examined and treated during effective protocols to prevent the problems caused by pessimism, which sometimes leads to the disintegration of the joint life if it is aggravated.

Objective: Financial anxiety can affect the lives of many people, but in the literature, especially in Iran, it has not received much attention. The aim of this study was to determine the mediating role of financial anxiety in the relationship between coping strategies and marital stress. Methods:  The statistical population of the study is married people in Isfahan city. The Research method was correlation-path analysis. By convenience sampling method, 200 people were selected and completed the Financial Anxiety Questionnaire (FAQ), Coping Strategies Questionnaire (CISS), and Marital Stress Scale (MSS). Amos-24 software was used for the final evaluation of the model. Results: Findings showed that problem-focused coping strategy and emotion-focused coping strategy indirectly affect marital stress through financial anxiety in married people. The normalized chi-square index is 1.34, the root of the mean squared error (RMSEA) is 0.04, and CFI = 0.99, TLI = 0.96, GFI = 0.99, and NFI = 0.98. Then it can be claimed that the model has a good fit. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it can be said that the coping strategies that people use to deal with stressful situations affect their financial anxiety and, subsequently, their marital stress.