souffrance

Michel Houellebecq describes an intense and visible reflection on contemporary society and the human condition. In his novels he uses the technique of literary paradox and expressing his opinions without any consideration or limitation, he is often considered a pessimistic writer. He describes his contemporaries carefully and frankly, and allows himself to formulate a strong and unequivocal critique of the state of the world. As a sociologist, Houellebecq strives to understand and depict modern society. His novels focus on contemporary society, a society in which it seems difficult to objectify human relationships, and where the person has become asocial and isolated, and is no longer able to communicate with others. The aim of his novels is to reveal the considerable problems of 21st century society through novels that show the insensitivity and alienation of people and which depict contemporary man as if he were imprisoned in his own mind. The objective of the present article is to analyze the influence of Schopenhauer's philosophy on the work of Michel Houellebecq following the method of intertextual analysis with emphasis on the idea of human suffering in Schopenhauer and Houellebecq.

Les recherches récentes en sémiotique proposent des analyses d’après le contexte plutôt que celles basées sur le texte. Ainsi, La sémiotique outrepasse le domaine du langage et de la psychologie pour s’appuyer sur les fondements épistémologiques afin d’analyser les signes narratifs. C’est en nous référant à ceci que nous examinons le sujet-actant qui agit sur les états des expressions narratives de façon à les modifier à élargir leur champ d’interprétation. Notre objectif est d’expliquer, dans les textes narratifs, le traitement de la souffrance et du traumatisme en contexte de guerre, par le biais de la sémiotique des passions. À cet effet, nous citons quatre passages narratifs, extraits d' Écoutez nos défaites  de Laurent Gaudé et de  Check-point de Jean-Christophe Rufin, qui nous permettent de saisir en profondeur les sentiments des personnages victimes des événements, en ayant recours, en tant que cadre théorique de notre recherche, aux travaux de Greimas, de Fontanille et d'Eco.