economic diplomacy

Economic diplomacy, in terms of the importance of economic relations in foreign relations, is one of the important tools to advance the long-term goals of economic growth and development and even increase the security of countries.Recently, Afghanistan, India and Iran have reached an agreement called the Chabahar Agreement. Due to its location, this port has the appropriate geopolitical, geo-economic and geostrategic potentials in comparison with the ports of the countries in the region and has a very high security margin; in addition, the port at the intersection of the North-South and East-West corridors can serve as a gateway for transportation, in other words, a central trade link between Central Asia, India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Russia and Europe. In this research we want to answer this question: What impact can economic diplomacy have on post-Taliban developments in Afghanistan? And what is the position of Chabahar port in that country's economic diplomacy? The findings of this descriptive-analytical library research show that: Economic diplomacy in the post-Taliban era by adopting programs such as; attracting foreign investment and expandingrelations with the countries of the region and constructive interaction with them, has been able to have positive effects on development in Afghanistan; And the port of Chabahar, as a field for attracting foreign investment on the one hand and its role in xpanding Afghanistan's relations with countries in the region on the other, has found a special place in the country's foreign policy. 

Background: Diverse and wide-ranging capacities have led to a special dynamic in bilateral relations between Iran and China in recent years. So that in different areas, these bilateral relations have been constantly expanding and deepening. From this point of view, the present article aimed to examine the role of ethics in economic diplomacy and its impact on the relations between Iran and China in recent years. Method: The present study was conducted in a descriptive-analytical manner. The present study investigated the subject by studying, classifying and analyzing scientific articles in the relevant field that were published between 2005 and 2021 in the citation databases of Magiran, Science Direct, PubMed, and ISC. Conclusion: Based on the studies, it was concluded that the role of ethics in economic diplomacy is considered important due to the interdependencies and mutual economic needs of the two countries, especially in recent years. The Islamic Republic of Iran for reasons such as the goals of the vision document, the need for energy markets, reducing and mitigating Western pressures, the need to have a relationship with China and its investment to achieve development, and reciprocally China due to development-oriented foreign policy The growing need for energy and security in its supply, the need to launch a Silk Road strategy to access global markets, tends to the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Due to external factors (like sanctions) and internal issues (such as poorly managed privatization and banking), the country's economic performance has been disappointing over the past decade, with economic growth averaging less than 2%, inflation over 20%, and negative 5% fixed capital formation. Consequently, the country now falls into the category of low-income nations in international reports. Additionally, the loss of the golden era of revenues from crude oil sales has increased restrictions on the government's access to programmable financial resources. Therefore, to address these challenges, Iran must reconstruct its trade flows and explore new economic activities, particularly through economic diplomacy with neighboring countries. This effort should also involve defining new areas for economic activities. For this reason, while it is possible to view economic diplomacy through conventional political definitions as a means to enhance a country's standing in the international arena by promoting foreign trade and creating new markets, in our country, economic diplomacy should be regarded primarily as a strategy to navigate the current challenges facing the national economy. Within this context, among other states, Russia is identified as a key partner for enhancing trade. The conclusions of this research identify the most significant trade obstacles between Iran and Russia as follows: A) Inadequate business infrastructure, B) poorly organized foreign trade activities, and C) The complexities of international political economy. Conversely, the principal solutions to enhance trade levels include A) strengthening infrastructure, B) fostering joint investment opportunities rather than solely focusing on exporting goods, C) enhancing the information and marketing sectors, and D) diversifying the range of exported goods.