Transmission

Environmental pollution and rapid depletion are among the chief concerns about fossil fuels such as oil, gas, and coal. Renewable energy sources do not suffer from such limitations and are considered the best choice to replace fossil fuels. The present study develops a mathematical model for optimal allocation of regional renewable energy to meet a country-wide demand and its other essential aspects. The ultimate purpose is to minimize the total cost by planning, including power plant construction and maintenance costs and transmission costs. Minimum-cost flow equations are embedded in the model to determine how regions can supply energy to other regions or rely on them to fulfill annual demand. In order to verify the applicability of the model, it is applied to a real-world case study of Iran to determine the optimal renewable energy generation-transmission decisions for the next decade. Results indicate that the hydroelectric and solar power plants should generate the majority of the generated renewable electricity within the country, according to the optimal solution. Moreover, regarding the significant population growth and waste generation in the country’s large cities, biomass power plants can have the opportunity to satisfy a remarkable portion of electricity demand.

This research explored the intricacies of incitement as a speech act in political discourse, particularly in the context of the ongoing Russia-Ukraine conflict. Utilizing a mixed-methods design, the study combined qualitative analyses—focusing on rhetorical structures and pragmatic strategies—with quantitative evaluations of speech act frequencies. The corpus included speeches from prominent political figures delivered between February 2022 and March 2024, selected for their relevance to incitement. The analysis revealed that incitement often straddles the boundary between illocutionary and perlocutionary acts, showcasing how politicians use indirect language to maintain plausible deniability while still mobilizing action. This ambiguity complicates traditional classifications within speech act theory. Furthermore, the study highlights various persuasive strategies employed in political rhetoric, such as emotional appeals and historical analogies.The implications of this research are significant for understanding how language functions as a tool of political power, particularly in conflict situations. It provides insights into ethical considerations surrounding incitement in political communication, suggesting that awareness of linguistic strategies can help prevent escalation of tensions and promote more responsible discourse among leaders.

This paper seeks to explore C. S. Lewis's The Chronicles of Narnia under the light of Paul Virilio's framework of thought. Virilio's concept of dromology explains the way people see things change as they move faster, and how this affects the way they see other people and things around them. This can lead to a greater sense of control and surveillance. The study argues that the robots in Lewis's stories represent future humans brought closer through advanced technology that transcends time limits. Lewis's characters are like a reflection of the reader. They help the reader see themselves and their dreams in a new way. Lewis has addressed how these characters see the world changes them into different creatures, in that the way they see the world affects how they see themselves. Lewis's characters can be observed as the people who represent the society. This paper demonstrates that the characters in the series are cyborgs and live in a cyborg world. To support this argument, the principles of the panopticon theory are needed to indicate how the characters seem to have a purpose with reference to the pejorative aspects of human’s psyche.