معانی نمادهای دو رؤیای رمان «جزیره سرگردانی» سیمین دانشور بر اساس آرای کلاریسا پینکولا استس (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
این مقاله به تحلیل رؤیاهای رمان «جزیره سرگردانی» اثر سیمین دانشور بر پایه نظریات کلاریسا پینکولا استس، روانکاو پسایونگی، اختصاص دارد. خواب و رؤیا به مثابه پدیده ای پر رمز و راز از دیرباز موضوع تعمق بشر بوده است. با ظهور علم روانشناسی نوین دوران جدیدی از بحث درباره معانی رؤیاها و چگونگی بروز تصاویر آن ها در خواب مفتوح شد. یونگ و شاگردانش با تأکید بر اهمیت رؤیاها باعث گسترش بی سابقه علاقه به این موضوع شدند و پیوند محکمی با حوزه نقد آثار ادبی یافتند. ادبیات یکصد سال گذشته جهان از این تحولات تأثیر پذیرفتند، و ادبیات معاصر ایران نیز از این تحولات برکنار نبوده و شاهد ورود رؤیاها به انواع داستان ها بوده است. یکی از نویسندگانی که برای نمایش اندیشه و احساس شخصیت ها به شگرد رؤیا متوسل شده، سیمین دانشور است. با وجود نقدهای بسیاری که درباره آثار دانشور صورت گرفته و به رغم بسامد بالای رؤیاهای داستان هایش، بررسی آنها انگشت شمار بوده و هیچ تحلیل مجزایی مطابق آرای پسایونگی ها و استس از این رؤیاها در دست نیست و از این نظر این جستار کاملاً نوست. این مقاله با روش توصیفی - تحلیلی و با هدف دستیابی به درک ژرف تر این رمان کوشیده رمز نمادهای دو رؤیای اصلی آن را بگشاید و اهمیت آن ها را در خط کلی داستان نشان دهد. در پایان نتیجه گرفته شد که این رؤیاهای کهن الگویی بخش ناگسستنی داستان بوده و نکات مهمی را در رابطه با شخصیت های داستان به دست داده اند و همین وجود آنها را ضروری ساخته است.The Meanings of Two Dream Symbols in Simin Daneshvar’s Novel Jazireye Sargardani Based on Clarissa Pinkola Estes’ Views
This essay examines two dreams symbols of Simin Daneshvar’s novel JAZIREYE SARGARDANI based on the post-Jungian psychoanalyst Clarissa Pinkola Estes views. Dreams have always been a source of great wonder for human beings. The emergence of modern psychology opened a new era of discussion about the meanings of dreams images. Jung and his followers, with their great emphasis on the importance of dreams, caused an unprecedented expansion of interest in the topic and established a strong connection with the field of literary criticism. The literature of the past one hundred years of Iran and the world was affected by these developments and witnessed the increase of the entry of all kinds of dreams into literary creations. Simin Daneshvar is one of the writers who has used abundantly of dream technique in her stories. Despite the high frequency of dreams in Daneshvar’s stories, their review has been short and few and there is no analysis of them according post-Jungians and Estes views, so this essay is completely new. This article, with descriptive and analytical method and with the aim of achieving a deeper understanding of this novel, examined two main dreams of JAZIREYE SARGARDANI and tried to decode their meanings and show their importance in the overall story line. It is concluded that these archetypal dreams are an integral part of the story and have provided important points regarding the female protagonist character and the course of events. Introduction The current investigation examines the dreams of the female protagonist in Simin Daneshvar’s novel, Jazireye Sargardani . Dreams are among the most mysterious and fascinating phenomena in human life and have always been a source of great astonishment. Throughout history, the familiar, unfamiliar, and sometimes enormously bizarre images parading before the dreamer’s eyes have evoked impressions of awe and amazement, leading to a desire to know their meaning. The emergence of modern psychology shed new light on the long-standing discussion about dreams. Since the first years of the 20th century, the widespread release of works by Freud and Jung created a rapid and vast increase in regarding dreams as cardinal and crucial images coming from the depths of the human unconscious mind, requiring attention and interpretation. Dreams and literature are two primary manifestations of the individual and collective unconscious; as a result, all kinds of dreams are present in literary works, and their images imbue these works with a unique sense of mystique and significance. In the Jungian approach, each dream image carries information about the inner and outer life of the dreamer; therefore, Jungian and post-Jungian analysts have based their work on deep dream analysis. Dr. Clarissa Pinkola Estés is one of the post-Jungian psychoanalysts who has deeply explored women’s dream images and has extensively written and spoken on this subject. Estés has given new and unprecedented dimensions to the analysis of women’s dreams, defining their categories and constantly adding new ones. Based on Estés’s views, the present research investigates the symbolic meaning of two main dreams in Jazireye Sargardani , both of which belong to Hasti, the main female character of the novel. Literature Review Although many studies have been conducted on Simin Daneshvar’s novel Jazireye Sargardani ( The Wandering Island ), none of them specifically focuses on the analysis of its dreams. However, some research has been carried out on this novel, primarily from other aspects. A few works relevant to this study include: “A Reflection on Mourning in Jazireye Sargardani ” (1986) by Hoora Yavari, in which she has also discussed the dreams of Zari, the female protagonist of Suvashun ; Simin Daneshvar: A Post-modern Sharhrzad by Hossein Payandeh (2002), in which he mentions the dreams in Jazireye Sargardani and Sarban Sargardan novels; “Transformation of Female Characters in Simin Daneshvar’s Works” (2015) by Bita Ghanbari, Morteza Mohseni, and Amin Daeezadeh Jelodar, in which the role of dreams in the transformation of Hasti (the female protagonist of Jazireye Sargardani ) is discussed; Three Interpretations of Jazireye Sargardani Novel by Ibrahim Ranjbar (2019), which includes a more expansive discussion of Hasti’s dreams; and Examining Simin Daneshvar’s Stories (a doctoral dissertation, 2011) by Ibrahim Khalil Hooman, which has also looked at some of their dreams. Only one article, “Examination of Dream Symbols in Simin Daneshvar's Three Short Stories Based on Clarissa Pinkola Estes’s Views ( Border and Mask , Ask the Migratory Birds , and Savaki )” (2023) by Simin Movahed, conducted with the post-Jungian approach, deals with the dreams in Daneshvar’s stories. Therefore, the current study, which endeavors to unravel the meanings of the two main dreams of Jazireye Sargardani to provide a richer understanding of the novel, is unique and new. Methodology The objective of this research is to investigate the meaning of the main symbols in the dream images in Jazireye Sargardani through a descriptive-analytical approach, which involves the collection of library data. The ultimate objective is to develop a more comprehensive and multifaceted comprehension of the two main dreams. The data collection tool consists of authentic literature in the field of Jungian psychology and archetypes, as well as libraries and documents. Conclusion The objective of this research was to develop a more comprehensive and nuanced comprehension of the dream symbols in Simin Daneshvar’s novel Jazireye Sargardani . The analysis, which was conducted using a Jungian psychology approach, demonstrated the significant influence of the female protagonist’s dreams on her dramatic inner transformation. The results indicated that the author was able to demonstrate the transformation of Hasti Noorian through the great impact of the archetypal and mystical images of the first and final dream of the story, in conjunction with other events, by utilizing a vast spectrum of symbols. These two dreams—the first one a scary nightmare and the second one a bearer of good tidings—contain a number of archetypal symbols which are entirely opposite, thereby characterizing Hasti’s transformation from a vulnerable and uncertain girl to a strong and confident woman by the conclusion of the narrative. Now she has accomplished a rebirth and has achieved the self-esteem to live her own desired life. Therefore, Hasti’s dream symbols, in their capacity as permanent, powerful carriers of energy, have facilitated the emergence of the Self archetype in her psyche. The other main archetypes are individuation, the Heroine, and rebirth. All these archetypes are clearly manifested in Hasti’s dreams, paving her way to a new and brighter life.
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