کشاورزی شهری و پیراشهری رویکردی نوین در عرضه خدمات فرهنگی اکوسیستم: مطالعه ای بر مبنای ادراکات شهروندان مریوان (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
کشاورزی شهری در ایران رویکردی نوظهور است که به توسعه فضاهای سبز، تولیدات غذایی و خدمات تفریحی-رفاهی کمک شایانی می کند. هدف اصلی این پژوهش شناخت متغیرهای خدمات فرهنگی اکوسیستمی تأثیرگذار در کشاورزی شهری با رویکرد مشارکتی (از طریق شناخت ادراکات استفاده کنندگان از کاربرهای کشاورزی شهری) است. پژوهش حاضر بر اساس ماهیت و شیوه گردآوری داده ها، کمی و با ابزار پرسشنامه محقق ساخته انجام گرفته است. جامعه آماری شامل شهروندان استفاده کننده از کاربری های کشاورزی شهری و پیراشهری مریوان بود. حجم نمونه موردنیاز توسط فرمول کوکران 384 نفر برآورد گردید و از روش نمونه گیری در دسترس (توزیع پرسشنامه های آنلاین در شبکه های اجتماعی) داده ها جمع آوری شدند. داده های حاصله با استفاده از روش معادلات ساختاری توسط نرم افزار Smart-PLS تحلیل شدند. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که کشاورزی شهری نقش قابل توجهی در ارائه خدمات فرهنگی اکوسیستم به شهروندان دارد. به طوری که مؤلفه هایی همچون تفریح و اکوتوریسم (آماره تی 47/6)، تنوع فرهنگی (آماره تی 40/5)، روابط اجتماعی (06/3 آماره تی)، زیبایی شناختی (آماره تی 06/3) و جنبه های آموزشی (آماره تی 23/2) از مهم ترین مؤلفه های تأثیرگذار و درک شده بر مبنای تجربیات شهروندان مریوان از کشاورزی شهری و پیراشهری بود. همچنین مطلوبیت مدل ساختاری پژوهش ، با ضریب تعیین (R 2 ) 90/0 حاکی از دقت بالای مدل نظری در پیش بینی متغیرها بود. بنابراین کشاورزی شهری به عنوان یک رویکرد نوین می تواند به عنوان بستری مناسب جهت عرضه خدمات فرهنگی اکوسیستم در شهر مریوان توسعه یابد. یافته های مطالعه می تواند راهکاری مناسب برای برنامه ریزان شهری در جهت گسترش فضاهای کشاورزی شهری در مناطق مشابه باشد.Urban Agriculture as a New Approach to Providing Cultural Ecosystem Services: A Study Based on Marivan Citizens' Perceptions
In recent decades, with the rapid growth of urbanization and the increasing population in cities, the demand for natural resources and green spaces has significantly risen. Under these circumstances, attention to ecosystem services, particularly cultural ecosystem services, has gained prominence as a novel approach in urban environmental management. Cultural ecosystem services encompass all the benefits that humans receive from ecosystems, including cultural experiences, aesthetics, inspiration, and even social identity. Among these, urban agriculture, as an important subset of ecosystems, plays a key role in providing such services. Urban agriculture, as a modern strategy for sustainable urban development, plays a vital role in improving the urban environment and enhancing the quality of life for citizens. This type of agriculture fosters social interactions, raises environmental awareness, and promotes both physical and mental well-being. The cultural ecosystem services provided by urban agriculture include all the intangible benefits that citizens derive from agricultural activities in urban areas. These services not only involve the provision of fresh, local food but also offer positive psychological, social, and cultural impacts. Furthermore, such activities can enhance urban aesthetics and contribute to the aesthetic value of urban environments. Thus, urban agriculture and its related cultural ecosystem services play a crucial role in improving urban quality of life and increasing citizen satisfaction with their living environment. The main aim of this research is to explore the perceptions and experiences of the citizens of Marivan regarding the cultural ecosystem services of urban agriculture. By identifying and analyzing citizens' perspectives, this study seeks to better understand the role and importance of urban agriculture in providing cultural ecosystem services. Methodology This study is applied in nature and employs a descriptive-analytical approach based on quantitative data collection and analysis using a researcher-designed questionnaire. The study area focuses on urban agricultural lands and their users. The city of Marivan contains 2,799 hectares of urban and peri-urban agricultural land, indicating the region’s significant capacity for urban agriculture. Additionally, due to its clean and healthy air, Marivan is considered one of the best regions in Iran for urban and peri-urban agricultural activities. The research was conducted using an online questionnaire distributed via social media to gather valuable experiences and perceptions from Marivan citizens about the cultural ecosystem services of urban agriculture. The collected data were analyzed using structural equation modeling through the Smart-PLS software. Results and discussion The results indicated that several independent variables from the cultural ecosystem services of urban agriculture were significant. Among them, the variable of recreation and ecotourism, with a t-statistic of 6.479, was the most prominent cultural ecosystem service, based on the perceptions of Marivan citizens. This relationship was confirmed with a path coefficient of 0.349 and a significance level of 0.000 at a 99% confidence level. Additionally, the variable of cultural diversity, with a t-statistic of 5.405 and a path coefficient of 0.312 and a significance level of 0.000, was also confirmed as an important and influential factor according to citizens' perceptions. Other variables, including social relations, aesthetics, and educational aspects, had t-statistics of 3.066, 3.065, and 2.237, respectively, indicating their strong impact. However, other cultural ecosystem services variables, such as spiritual values, heritage values, and inspiration, did not have a direct or significant relationship with urban agriculture, and their path coefficients were low, resulting in the rejection of these relationships in the structural model. The findings revealed that urban agriculture has significant positive effects on cultural diversity, recreational and ecotourism services, educational aspects, aesthetic value, and social relations. These results highlight the role of urban agriculture in fostering social cohesion, creating recreational spaces, promoting public education, enhancing urban aesthetics, and strengthening social interactions. However, no significant relationship was observed between urban agriculture and the components of inspiration, cultural heritage values, and spiritual values. These findings underscore the potential of urban agriculture to contribute to urban sustainability and cultural ecosystem services. Conclusion Urban agriculture has been recognized as an important tool for urban sustainability and for alleviating pressure on natural resources. The findings of this study revealed that, in addition to its productive role, urban agriculture can positively impact cultural ecosystem services. Variables such as recreation and ecotourism, social relations, aesthetics, cultural diversity, and educational aspects were among the most influential and perceived factors based on the experiences of Marivan citizens regarding urban agriculture. Agricultural activities within urban spaces can lead to the creation of open and green spaces within cities, encouraging residents to spend their leisure time in more natural environments. By exploring the diverse perceptions of citizens concerning the cultural ecosystem services of urban agriculture, valuable insights have emerged that can play a significant role in enhancing citizen well-being and promoting sustainable urban development. Funding According to the responsible author, this article has no financial support Authors ’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.
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