معالم الإسلام والتأسلم عند الإمام علی (ع)؛ دراسه تحلیلیه فی ضوء نهج البلاغه (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
یشکّل تمییز الإسلام الأصیل عن صوره المزیفه إحدى القضایا المحوریه التی شغلت - ولا تزال - الفکر الإسلامی ، ولکی نعرف الإسلام معرفه صحیحه، لابد من الرجوع إلى المصادر الإسلامیه الأصیله و الموثوق بها، ومنها نهج البلاغه الذی یعد أحد أبرز المدونات التی احتفظت بتعالیم الإسلام الأصیل. یحظى أمیر المؤمنین علی بن أبی طالب (ع)، صاحب هذا السِّفْر الجلیل، بمکانه سامیه وفریده فی التراث الإسلامی کأهم شخصیه بعد النبی المصطفی (ص)، وإنه جسّد الإسلام بصورته النقیه فی أقواله ومواقفه وحیاته، وهو ما تنعکس أنواره بوضوح فی نصوص نهج البلاغه التی تکون بمثابه مشکاه تضیء طریق الرشاد والهدایه. لذلک تهدف هذه الورقه البحثیه إلى استقراء أقوال الإمام علی (ع) فی نهج البلاغه لاستجلاء معالم الإسلام الأصیل وسمات التأسلم سعیا لخدمه الدین الحنیف وآل بیت النبوه (ع). ونحاول من خلال البحث رسم الصوره التی قدّمها الإمام (ع) للإسلام الأصیل والمزیّف، ولخصائص المسلم الحقیقی والمتأسلم فی نهج البلاغه. ونظرا لموضوع البحث والأهداف المرجوه منه، فإنه قد انتهج المنهج الاستقرائی؛ تتبعا لمادته العلمیه، والمنهج التحلیلی الذی یقوم علی فحص النصوص، واستخلاص الدلالات وعرض النتائج. وانتهی البحث إلی جمله من النتائج، محصّلها: أن الإمام (ع) قدم صوره شامله عن الإسلام والتأسلم، مع تحدید سمات المسلم الحقیقی والمزیّف. ومن أبرز معالم الإسلام الأصیل التی حددها البحث بناء على کلام الإمام (ع): قوه حجته واستدلاله، کونه مصدرا للهدایه والأمن والسلام، تفوّقه على سائر الأدیان، تمیّزه بسلطان إلهی عزیز، اصطفاؤه من قبل الله تعالى، واتصافه بالدوام والخلود. أما أبرز سمات المتأسلم والمسلم المزیّف فتمثلت فی: الطغیان، إظهار الإسلام مع إضمار الکفر، اقتراف الأفعال المناقضه لروح الإسلام وجوهره، انتهاک حرمه المسلم، وتبنی الإسلام قسرا أو لمصلحه نفعیه.An analytical study of the features of true Islam and false Islam in Imam Ali (AS) in Nahj al-Balagha
Distinguishing authentic Islam from its counterfeit manifestations remains one of the central concerns that have preoccupied – and continue to preoccupy – Islamic thought. To acquire a sound understanding of Islam, it is imperative to refer to original and reliable Islamic sources, among which is Nahj al-Balagha (The Peak of Eloquence), recognized as one of the most prominent compilations preserving the teachings of authentic Islam. Amir al-Mu'minin Ali ibn Abi Talib (AS), the author of this esteemed volume, occupies a uniquely exalted status within the Islamic heritage as the most significant figure after the Prophet Muhammad (SAW). He embodied Islam in its purest form through his words, stances, and life, the illumination of which is clearly reflected in the texts of Nahj al-Balagha, serving as a niche lamp illuminating the path of righteousness and guidance. Consequently, this research paper aims to extrapolate the statements of Imam Ali (AS) in Nahj al-Balagha to elucidate the features of authentic Islam and the characteristics of pseudo-Islam (al-Ta'assulum), endeavoring to serve the noble religion and the Prophet's Household (AS). Through this research, we attempt to delineate the portrayal presented by the Imam (AS) of authentic versus counterfeit Islam, and of the traits of the true Muslim versus the spurious Muslim, within Nahj al-Balagha. Given the research subject and its objectives, the study employed an inductive methodology, tracing the scholarly material, and an analytical methodology involving the examination of texts, extraction of meanings, and presentation of findings. The research culminated in several key findings, the essence of which is: The Imam (AS) presented a comprehensive depiction of Islam and pseudo-Islam, while defining the characteristics of both the true and the counterfeit Muslim. Based on the Imam's (AS) words, the most salient features of authentic Islam identified by the research include: the strength of its argument and proof; its role as a source of guidance, security, and peace; its supremacy over other religions; its distinction by a mighty Divine authority; its selection by God Almighty; and its attribute of permanence and eternity. Conversely, the most prominent characteristics of the pseudo-Muslim (al-Muta'assilim) and the counterfeit Muslim manifested as: tyranny (Tughyan); displaying Islam while harboring disbelief; committing acts contrary to the spirit and essence of Islam; violating the sanctity of a Muslim; and adopting Islam coercively or for utilitarian benefit. Keywords: True Islam, false Islam, Muslim, hypocritical Muslim, Imam Ali (AS), Nahj al-Balagha. Introduction It is evident to everyone that Nahj al-Balagha is a great Islamic encyclopedia, a reference book, and a precious treasure accessible to Muslims. It enables them to benefit from its rich teachings in various fields, draw from its boundless ocean of knowledge and wisdom, apply its lessons in their lives, and attain guidance and success through it. This is because this infinite ocean encompasses diverse knowledge in religion, politics, society, economics, and other domains. It remains timeless, undiminished by the passage of time, and has always been—and continues to be—a guiding light for Muslims in all spheres. Among the questions Nahj al-Balagha is expected to address, while charting a clear path for Muslims in general and Shia in particular, are the defining features and foundations of Alavid Islam (the Islam of Imam Ali), the traits of counterfeit Islam, and what is permissible versus impermissible in Islam. Clearly, Imam Ali (AS) elaborates on these matters in his words and across various contexts, striving to introduce us to true Islam, provide a comprehensive definition of its objectives and pillars, and present its most important characteristics and core principles. In addition to defining the traits of a sincere and genuine Muslim, Imam Ali (AS) also outlines the characteristics and qualities of those wh
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