ارزیابی توزیع فضایی پارکینگ های عمومی شهر کاشان و ارائه الگوی بهینه به منظوردسترسی مناسب شهروندان (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
پارکینگ ها از مهم ترین تأسیسات زیربنایی در شهر محسوب می شوند که نقش بسیار مهمی را در کاهش پارک حاشیه ای و ترافیک در معابر ایفا می کنند. کمبود پارکینگ های عمومی می تواند باعث بروز مشکلات مختلفی نظیر تلف شدن وقت شهروندان برای پیدا کردن فضای پارک مناسب، اشغال فضای معابر و به دنبال آن کاهش ظرفیت معبر و کاهش سرعت عبور و مرور و افزایش ترافیک شود. این پژوهش با هدف ارزیابی پارکینگ های موجود در شهر کاشان برای کارایی مناسب و همچنین ارائه یک الگوی بهینه به منظور مکان یابی پارکینگ ها انجام شده است . جمع آوری اطلاعات از طریق روش کتابخانه ای، نقشه های موجود و روش میدانی صورت گرفته است. به این منظور برای ارزیابی محدوده خدماتی پارکینگ های موجود از مدل تحلیل شبکه و برای ارزیابی فضایی پارکینگ های موجود از روش آمار فضایی استفاده شده و درنهایت به منظور شناسایی مناطق مناسب ایجاد پارکینگ از مدلANP در سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی استفاده شده است. پس از آن بر اساس معیارهای مؤثر در مکان یابی پارکینگ عمومی در محیط ArcGIS فرایند مکان یابی صورت گرفته است. نتایج این پژوهش نشان می دهد که مناطق مرکزی شهر کاشان در نزدیکی بافت تاریخی شهر شامل خیابان های اباذر چهارراه آیت الله کاشانی میدان دروازه دولت و میدان ۲۲ بهمن نسبت به سایر نقاط نیازمندی بیشتری به پارکینگ دارند. همچنین نتایج حاکی از آن است کاربری های جاذب سفر در مرکز کاشان تأثیر زیادی بر نحوه پراکندگی پارکینگ ها دارند، به نحوی که اکثر این پارکینگ ها در منطقه تاریخی و در نزدیکی بازار کاشان مستقر شده اند. در نهایت از مساحت موردمطالعه 4.1 درصد( 19.244 هکتار) از محدوده موردمطالعه با کیفیت مناسب و 0.41(1.91هکتار) نامناسب برای احداث پارکینگ عمومی مشخص شد.Evaluating the spatial distribution of public parking in Kashan and providing an optimal model for convenient access for citizens
Introduction Parking lots are considered to be one of the most important infrastructure facilities in the city, which play a very important role in reducing marginal parking and traffic on roads. A lack of public parking lots can lead to various problems such as citizens’ wasted time to find a suitable parking space, occupied road space, the reduced capacity of the road, and an increase in the speed of traffic. Besides, the availability of parking and its proper location will facilitate traffic congestion and reduce noise pollution. In this regard, Kashan is one of the urban areas that is influenced by the high population growth during the last six decades from 1335 to 1395 as a result of its intense physical development and its lack of coordination with all-round economic, social, cultural, and environmental development, especially in its lack of services and infrastructures. The city has many parking lots in its central part. In other words, the existence of travel-absorbing uses, especially in the city center, has created many problems in the field of transportation and traffic. The commercial, educational, and health uses have also made a large number of people to come and go on the streets in this part of the city during the day, which has resulted in and traffic and congestion. In addition, the existence of historical buildings in the city and the visit of tourists to these areas have added to this problem; therefore, the lack or inappropriateness of public parking spaces, as a means of attracting people and travel, leads to the lack of optimal access to parking and an increase in traffic in this part of the city. To this end, the current research aims to provide the optimal model for proper access of citizens to public parking lots by using the spatial analysis tools of the geographic information system while answering the following question: what is the spatial distribution of public parking lots in Kashan? Materials and Methods The research is an applied one, and its method is descriptive-analytical. Information was collected through library studies in the first stage and field studies in the second stage. The field studies were used to supplement the information and update the existing maps, especially the map of the parking lots in the city of Kashan through observation. After collecting information, data and maps required for the research were created through formation of a database, the digitization of the maps; the tabular data were entered into the GIS database, and the aforementioned layers were converted into a standard format based on the indicators obtained from the background section of the research. For statistical analysis, AUTO CAD, ARC GIS, Super Decision, and other software were used. Afterwards, to evaluate high traffic areas for creating parking, kernel tests, hot spot, density distribution curve and network analysis were used. Results and Discussion The analysis of the hot and cold spots for determining the status of traffic clustering in each city block of Kashan showed that there were hot spots and more traffic in the central areas of Kashan than in the other parts of the city. A hot spot with a significant level of %99 was located in the central part of the city, which included the area of the old fabric of Kashan-- near Abazar Street, Doat Gate, and 22 Bahman Square-- and extends from the sides to Valiasr Street and Shahid Montazeri Street. Therefore, the amount of travel and traffic absorption coefficient was higher in the blocks that had a smaller area and a shorter distance to the city center. Besides, the investigation of the density of traffic points in different blocks of the city of Kashan, using the Kernel density estimation method, also showed that the centers near the entrance to the market--such as Abazar street in the east of the historical context of Kashan and the Ayatollah Kashani intersection--due to their proximity to travel-absorbing uses, had the highest traffic density in the city. Other traffic points were placed in the next ranks of traffic density. In order to locate the parking lot in Kashan, after calculating the weight of each of layers in the geographic information system and using Spatial Analysis and the Weighted overlay function, the weights obtained from the ANP model were assigned to each of the layers, and the layers were superimposed. Finally, two models and a proposed map for the construction of a parking lot were presented: the maximum amount of access for citizens in the first map and the optimal model with the highest efficiency and suitable access for citizens in the second map were the criteria of action. Conclusion The results of the research have shown that the location of travel attraction centers in the central area of Kashan has a great role in the distribution and dispersion of parking lots in that area. It means that most of the parking lots in Kashan are located in the vicinity of travel attraction uses and near the old fabric of the city. However, these parking lots have not been able to achieve the necessary efficiency in reducing traffic and marginal parking. Therefore, to solve the problem of parking in Kashan and their optimal location, 10 relevant criteria were selected. After implementing the location process of two models, the maximum access of citizens to parking and the most optimal parking location model for the construction of public parking in Kashan were presented. In the most accessible pattern, %4.1 (19.244 hectares) of the studied area was determined to be of good quality and %0.41 (1.91) to be unsuitable. In the optimal pattern, %0.21 (1.182 hectares) was suitable and %12.09 (55.52) of the total area was found to be unsuitable.
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