بررسی اثر های مکانی- فضایی گردشگری شهری بر پایداری نظام فضایی شهر (مطالعه موردی: منطقه 3 شهر اصفهان) (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
به دنبال جهانی شدن فعالیت گردشگری و پی بردن به میزان اهمیت آن در پیشرفت اقتصادی و اجتماعی کشورها این فعالیت بنا بر عملکرد خود می تواند زمینه ساز اثر های مثبت و سازنده در بخش های مختلف اقتصادی، اجتماعی- فرهنگی، کالبدی و زیست محیطی شهرها شود. محققان در پژوهش حاضر اثر های مکانی-فضایی گردشگری شهری را بر پایداری نظام فضایی منطقه 3 شهر اصفهان بررسی کردند. این پژوهش از نظر هدف، کاربردی و از نظر شیوه انجام دادن توصیفی- تحلیلی است. جامعه آماری شامل ساکنان و شاغلان در منطقه 3 شهر اصفهان است. حجم نمونه با استفاده از فرمول کوکران 384 نفر انتخاب شد. روش نمونه گیری تصادفی و ابزار پژوهش پرسشنامه است. در این مطالعه برای تجزیه وتحلیل پرسشنامه از روش های آماری در محیط نرم افزارهای SPSS26 و AMOS24 استفاده شده است. یافته های حاصل از تحلیل مسیر پژوهش نشان می دهد که اثر های مکانی- فضایی گردشگری شهری بر منطقه 3 شهر اصفهان در بعُد نشاط اجتماعی با مقدار بتای (98/0β=)، در بعُد درآمد و رونق کسب وکار با مقدار بتای (97/0β=)، در بعُد فرهنگی و رفاهی با مقدار بتای (94/0β=) و در بعُد اشتغال و کارآفرینی با مقدار بتای (91/0β=) و سطح معناداری (000/0) تأیید شده است. نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش نشان داد بُعد نشاط اجتماعی گردشگری در منطقه 3 شهر اصفهان زمینه حفظ میراث تاریخی، سلامت روحی شهروندان و حس سرزندگی و شادابی ساکنان و در بُعد اشتغال و کارآفرینی باعث حرکت منطقه به سمت افزایش اشتغال جوانان و ایجاد کارآفرینی شده است.Investigating the Location-Spatial Effects of Urban Tourism on the Stability of the Urban Spatial System (Case Study: Region 3 of Isfahan City)
With the globalization of tourism and its recognized significance in the economic and social development of nations, this sector has the potential to generate positive and constructive impacts across various economic, socio-cultural, physical, and environmental domains within cities. This research examined the spatial effects of urban tourism on the stability of the spatial system in District 3 of Isfahan city. The study was applied in nature and employed a descriptive-analytical methodology. The statistical population comprised residents and workers in District 3 of Isfahan with a sample size of 384 individuals determined using Cochran's formula. A random sampling method was utilized and data were collected via a questionnaire. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 26 and AMOS 24 software. The findings from the path analysis revealed that the spatial effects of urban tourism in District 3 of Isfahan significantly influenced social vitality (β = 0.98), income and business prosperity (β = 0.97), cultural well-being (β = 0.94), and employment and entrepreneurship (β = 0.91), all with a significance level of 0.000. The results indicated that tourism enhanced social vitality by preserving historical heritage, improving citizens' mental health and fostering a sense of vitality among residents. Additionally, it could contribute to increased youth employment and entrepreneurship in the region. Keywords: Location-Spatial Effects, Sustainability, Tourism, Spatial System, District 3 of Isfahan City. Introduction The past two decades have marked a significant boom in the tourism and hospitality sector. According to statistics, this industry has contributed $206 trillion to the global economy during this period and generated 119 million jobs worldwide. It serves as a vital source of national, regional, and local income and is recognized as one of the pillars of sustainable development. Tourism impacts host societies in three key areas: economic, social, and cultural. It fosters stability, differentiation, and dynamism in regions across various communities. In recent years, as an emerging industry, tourism has profoundly influenced the economic, social, and cultural landscapes of countries around the world. District 3 of Isfahan, covering an area of 1,521 hectares and home to 368,110 residents, is one of the city’s central and prominent areas and is recognized as an important tourist hub. Its attractions, including Hasht Behesht, administrative centers, academic institutions, and a variety of commercial markets—especially historical ones—underscore its significance in the tourism sector. This district is a treasure trove of historical, natural, and cultural urban tourism attractions, featuring historical sites, cultural landmarks, religious venues, recreational areas, hospitality facilities, and commercial centers. Thus, leveraging the historical, natural, and cultural assets of this region is essential for fostering the stability of the city’s spatial system across economic, social, and cultural dimensions. This research aimed to address the question of which aspect among the studied dimensions holds greater importance. Materials & Methods This research employed a descriptive and analytical approach, focusing on practical objectives. Initially, a review of relevant texts, sources, and theoretical framework was conducted. Subsequently, data were collected through fieldwork, which included observations and preparation and administration of a questionnaire aligned with the study's objectives and hypotheses. The questionnaire designed and developed by the researcher consisted of two sections: general questions and specialized questions. The latter was presented using a 5-point Likert scale (ranging from very little to very much) with the midpoint represented by the score of 3. The scope of this research was confined to District 3 of Isfahan City with the statistical population comprising its residents. A simple random sampling method was employed to select participants. For data analysis, a sample t-test was conducted using SPSS software, while Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was utilized in AMOS software to assess the type and strength of relationships among the factors influencing the spatial effects of urban tourism on the stability of the city's spatial system. Research Findings Regarding the effects of the social vitality dimension of tourism, the findings indicated that it had the most significant impact on preserving historical and cultural heritage with an average score of 4.40. Conversely, the least impact was observed in fostering greater interaction among groups, communities, and ethnicities with an average of 3.85. In terms of income and tourism-related business effects, the highest impact was associated with the increase in land prices, which received a score of 4.16. The lowest impact, however, pertained to the rise in family income levels averaging 3.13. Descriptive findings related to the cultural and welfare dimension revealed that tourism had most significantly influenced the organization of cultural events and the development of recreational and cultural facilities with a common average score of 4.12. The least impact in this category was on reducing social inequalities, which received an average score of 3.75. Regarding the employment and entrepreneurship dimension, the greatest effects were attributed to the prosperity of markets and shopping centers with an average score of 4.07. In contrast, the least effects were observed in the growth of local businesses and increased employment averaging 3.39. To assess the spatial effects of urban tourism on the sustainability of the spatial system in District 3 of Isfahan, 20 indicators were designed based on the theoretical foundations of the research, a review of the literature, and characteristics of the study area. Respondents' opinions on the spatial effects of tourism in District 3 were measured collectively. A one-sample t-test was employed to examine the hypotheses. Given that a 5-point Likert scale was utilized for the item measurements, a score of 3 was considered the midpoint in the analyses. The calculated T-statistic and significance level indicated that all dimensions of urban tourism—including social vitality, cultural and welfare, employment and entrepreneurship, and income and business—contributed to advancing spatial sustainability in District 3 of Isfahan. Thus, it could be concluded that the dimensions of social vitality, cultural and welfare, employment and entrepreneurship, and income and business with an average value of 3.94 played a crucial role in the development and sustainability of the city's spatial system. Discussion of Results & Conclusion Today, cities are rich in tourist attractions and consistently draw large numbers of visitors. Urban tourism represents a significant opportunity for sustainable urban development. As one of the most vital economic activities, urban tourism can generate substantial economic, social, and cultural benefits, facilitating comprehensive development. The results of this theoretical study indicated that urban tourism, when approached sustainably, enhanced the economic dimension by increasing demand for goods and services, boosting household incomes, elevating foreign exchange earnings, and creating new markets for domestic products. Socially, tourism fostered a vibrant community atmosphere, enhancing residents' sense of vitality and awareness of local traditions while revitalizing traditional arts. Furthermore, a comparison of the research findings with theoretical foundations highlighted that the social vitality derived from tourism in the region of Isfahan had contributed to preserving historical heritage, improving citizens' mental health, and fostering a sense of community well-being. In terms of income and tourism business, it had facilitated job creation, increased land values, and contributed to poverty reduction. In the cultural and welfare dimension, tourism had provided a platform for developing cultural and recreational facilities, reducing inequality, enhancing overall welfare and quality of life, and organizing various celebrations and rituals. Additionally, it had spurred employment opportunities for young people and encouraged entrepreneurship. The results from the one-sample t-test analysis confirmed that the spatial effects of urban tourism had positively influenced the stability of the studied area. Findings from the structural model further demonstrated the significance of these effects on the spatial system's stability. Tourism had had significant impacts on District 3 of Isfahan City with factor loadings of 0.98 for social vitality, 0.97 for income and business, 0.94 for cultural welfare, and 0.91 for employment and entrepreneurship. When comparing these results with those of other researchers, including Al-Elshaer et al. (2021), Tu and Zhang (2020), Kim et al., and Kayani and Boshaq (2016), it was evident that there was a consistent alignment regarding empowerment of women, improvement in quality of life, economic growth, and urban development.
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