تبیین ساختاری چالشهای توسعه گردشگری شهری در شهرهای استان چهارمحال و بختیاری (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
هدف از پژوهش حاضر تبیین ساختاری چالش های توسعه گردشگری شهری در شهرهای استان چهارمحال و بختیاری است. پژوهش حاضر به لحاظ هدف کاربردی و به لحاظ ماهیت توصیفی-تحلیلی است. جامعه آماری بخش کمّی شامل گردشگران بازدید کننده از جاذبه های مختلف شهرهای استان چهارمحال و بختیاری و به تعداد 10000 نفر است. حجم نمونه بر اساس فرمول کوکران تعداد 370 نفر مدنظر قرار گرفت که در آن افراد به شیوه در دسترس انتخاب شدند. ابزار پژوهش شامل پرسشنامه محقق ساخته بود که بر اساس پیشینه پژوهش، مبانی نظری و دیدگاه استادان راهنما و مشاور تنظیم شد. این پرسشنامه 29 سؤال داشت. روایی پرسشنامه به شیوه صوری و سازه ای و پایایی آن نیز بر اساس آلفای کرونباخ به مقدار 90/0 تأیید شد. داده های گردآوری شده بر اساس تحلیل مسیر معادلات ساختاری با نرم افزار PLS تجزیه و تحلیل شد. نتایج تحلیل مسیر معادلات ساختاری نشان داد که مدل ساختاری تبیین شده برازش مناسبی دارد؛ به طوری که کلیه چالش ها بر توسعه گردشگری در شهرهای استان چهارمحال و بختیاری تأثیر داشته است. در این میان، چالش های ضعف مدیریت، عدم بهره گیری از فناوری های نوین، نبود امنیت کافی، نبود نوآوری های لازم و عدم فرهنگ سازی بیشترین تأثیر و چالش های نبود برنامه راهبردی، عدم برگزاری رویدادهای گردشگری، ضعف روحیه مهمان نوازی، عدم بهره گیری از تجربه های مختلف و ضعف حمل و نقل و شبکه ارتباطی کمترین تأثیر را بر توسعه گردشگری شهری دارند.Structural Explanation of Urban Tourism Development Challenges in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Cities
This research aimed to elucidate the structural challenges facing urban tourism development in the cities of Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari Province. The study was applied in nature and employed a descriptive-analytical approach. The statistical population consisted of tourists visiting various attractions in these cities, totaling approximately 10,000 individuals. Using Cochran's formula, a sample size of 270 participants was determined and selected through accessible sampling methods. The research utilized a researcher-developed questionnaire grounded in relevant literature, theoretical foundations, and expert opinions, comprising 29 questions. The questionnaire's validity was confirmed through both formal and structural assessments, while its reliability was established with a Cronbach's alpha value of 0.90. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling with PLS software. The findings revealed that the structural model exhibited a good fit, indicating that all identified challenges negatively impacted tourism development in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari. Among these challenges, weak management, inadequate adoption of new technologies, insufficient security, lack of innovation, and cultural disconnect were found to have the most significant effects. Conversely, challenges related to the absence of a strategic plan, lack of tourism events, insufficient hospitality, limited diverse experiences, and inadequate transportation and communication networks had comparatively lesser impacts. To enhance urban tourism development in this province, it was crucial to prioritize effective management across various related sectors. Additionally, fostering a culture of tourism and improving public perceptions through targeted advertising—utilizing radio, television, and virtual networks—were essential steps forward. Keywords: Structural Explanation, Challenge, Urban Tourism, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari. Introduction Tourism significantly impacts various aspects of society, often presenting obstacles and challenges to its development in different regions. Identifying these challenges and their relationship to tourism is crucial. Today, the tourism industry is recognized as a vital component in the development of both urban and rural areas, yet each region may encounter unique hurdles in pursuing its goals. Key challenges include inadequate and unsustainable infrastructure planning, limited advertising resources, high costs of accommodation and welfare, a shortage of experienced tour guides, overlapping organizational roles, and unclear responsibilities. Additionally, cultural and social barriers pose significant obstacles to the growth of the tourism sector in many provinces. To overcome these issues, provincial officials must leverage the numerous benefits of tourism, particularly its potential to create job opportunities. A coordinated effort is needed to address the current shortcomings in the tourism industry and maximize the use of available resources and opportunities. While tourism ranks as the second most important industry after oil, it remains one of the most vulnerable sectors, facing various risks and crises. In recent years, effective crisis management has become essential in many destinations due to the increasing frequency of natural and political disasters. Iran, strategically located in the Middle East and rich in natural resources, cultural heritage, and diversity, holds significant potential in the international tourism arena. This research aimed to explore the structural challenges facing urban tourism development in the cities of Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari Province. Materials & Methods This research was applied in purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature. The statistical population of this quantitative study comprised tourists visiting various attractions in the cities of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, totaling 10,000 individuals. Based on Cochran's formula, a sample size of 270 participants was determined and selected through accessible sampling methods. The research utilized a researcher-designed questionnaire developed from the study's background, theoretical foundations, and insights from supervisors and advisors, consisting of 29 questions. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed both formally and structurally, while its reliability was established with a Cronbach's alpha value of 0.90. The collected data were analyzed using structural equation modeling with PLS software. Research Findings The results of the structural equation path analysis conducted using PLS software indicated that the proposed structural model exhibited a good fit. All identified challenges negatively affected tourism development in the cities of Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari Province. Key findings included: - Weak Transportation and Communication Networks: Impact factor of -0.24, critical value of -21.206 - Use of Non-Specialists: Impact factor of -0.32, critical value of -3.918 - Lack of Human Resources: Impact factor of -0.29, critical value of -7.817 - Ineffective Advertising: Impact factor of -0.55, critical value of -13.389 - Weakness of Tourism Infrastructure: Impact factor of -0.26, critical value of -6.910 - Insufficient Investment: Impact factor of -0.41, critical value of -9.605 - Absence of a Strategic Plan: Impact factor of -0.21, critical value of -3.005 - Lack of Needs Assessment Plans: Impact factor of -0.31, critical value of -11.261 - Non-Participation of Various Departments: Impact factor of -0.54, critical value of -18.221 - Failure to Utilize Diverse Experiences: Impact factor of -0.23, critical value of -5.810 - Inadequate Allocation of Necessary Funds: Impact factor of -0.42, critical value of -14.003 - Negative Attitudes Towards the Province: Impact factor of -0.72, critical value of -25.743 - Insufficient Security: Impact factor of -0.66, critical value of -24.832 - Seasonality of Tourism: Impact factor of -0.25, critical value of -5.789 - Lack of Sufficient Information: Impact factor of -0.48, critical value of -18.555 - Insufficient Training: Impact factor of -0.35, critical value of -10.402 - Cultural Deficiencies: Impact factor of -0.63, critical value of -15.238 - Lack of Hospitality Spirit: Impact factor of -0.23, critical value of -3.716 - Neglect of Attraction Tourism: Impact factor of -0.60, critical value of -21.369 - Management Weakness: Impact factor of -0.88, critical value of -28.536 - Lack of Necessary Innovations: Impact factor of -0.65, critical value of -23.724 - Service Shortcomings: Impact factor of -0.39, critical value of -19.854 - Insufficient Tourism Knowledge and Expertise: Impact factor of -0.38, critical value of -12.187 - Underutilization of New Technologies: Impact factor of -0.69, critical value of -25.074 - Weak Position of Tourist Guides: Impact factor of -0.44, critical value of -12.187 - Inadequate Comprehensive Tourism Plans: Impact factor of -0.37, critical value of -11.542 - Neglect of Environmental Considerations: Impact factor of -0.19, critical value of -2.102 - Absence of a Tourism Brand: Impact factor of -0.40, critical value of -3.114 - Lack of Tourism Events: Impact factor of -0.22, critical value of -12.991 Among these challenges, weak management emerged as the most significant barrier, while lack of attention to environmental issues had the least impact on tourism development in the cities of Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari Province. Discussion of Results & Conclusion To advance urban tourism and address the existing challenges in Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari Province, it is essential to prioritize effective management across all related sectors. Establishing a strong cultural foundation for tourism development, along with strategic advertising, will help enhance the perceptions of both residents and visitors toward the province. Utilizing available media, including radio, television, and online platforms, can further amplify these efforts. Additionally, integrating the latest technologies within all components of the tourism sector is crucial. By leveraging skilled and capable personnel, we can effectively promote attractions and tourism spaces, ensuring that they are aligned with contemporary technological advancements. This modern approach will facilitate sustainable development in urban tourism. Moreover, enhancing infrastructure and effectively managing tourist attractions will significantly contribute to this development process, resulting in a stable and efficient growth trajectory for tourism in the region.
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