شناسایی مؤلفه های اوباشگری سازمانی و بررسی تأثیر آن بر سلامت روان کارکنان (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
این پژوهش با هدف شناسایی مؤلفه های اوباشگری سازمانی و بررسی تأثیر آن برسلامت روان کارکنان انجام شده است. این پژوهش ازنظر هدف، کاربردی و از لحاظ گردآوری اطلاعات، توصیفی-همبستگی است. در این پژوهش از رویکرد ترکیبی (استقرایی-قیاسی) استفاده شده است. جامعه آماری در بخش کیفی شامل 17 نفر از متخصصان، کارشناسان و خبرگان فعال در این حوزه بود. معیارهای انتخاب نمونه در بخش کیفی شامل حداقل 10 سال سابقه خدمت و مدرک کارشناسی در رشته های مدیریت، علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی بود. در مرحله کمی، جامعه آماری پژوهش شامل کارکنان شهرداری مشهد با حداقل 5 سال سابقه خدمت و مدرک تحصیلی حداقل کارشناسی بود. تعداد جامعه آماری 287 نفر بود که بر اساس فرمول کوکران، 164 نفر به صورت نمونه گیری تصادفی انتخاب شدند. استراتژی پژوهش در بخش کیفی با استفاده از روش دلفی شامل دستیابی به اجماع نظر میان کارشناسان بود. برای شناسایی مؤلفه های اوباشگری سازمانی، پیشینه پژوهش مطالعه و پرسشنامه ای با مقیاس 5 گزینه ای لیکرت و تعدادی پرسش جمعیت شناختی طراحی شد. در بخش کمی، پس از شناسایی مؤلفه ها در بخش کیفی، 35 عامل نهایی احصاء و با استفاده از روش دلفی و اجماع نظر خبرگان به 6 عامل خشونت فیزیکی، خشونت کلامی، آزار و اذیت، ارعاب، تبعیض، رفتارهای تخریبی و انحرافی در محیط کار طبقه بندی شد. پرسشنامه براساس این اطلاعات طراحی و توزیع شد. همچنین، در بخش کمی از پرسشنامه سلامت روان گلدبرگ و هیلر استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد اوباشگری سازمانی بر سلامت روان کارکنان و ابعاد آن (اضطراب و اختلال خواب، افسردگی، واکنش جسمانی و کارکرد اجتماعی) تأثیر دارد.Identifying the Components of Workplace Mobbing and Examining its Impact on Employees’ Mental Health
1- INTRODUCTIONThis study investigates workplace mobbing and its impact on the mental health of employees at Mashhad Municipality. Organizational mobbing is recognized as a critical deviant behavior that significantly harms employees and organizational performance. These behaviors include physical violence, verbal abuse, harassment, intimidation, discrimination, and destructive actions, which can severely affect individuals' mental well-being. Considering the significance of Mashhad Municipality as one of the largest semi-governmental organizations in Iran, addressing mobbing and its consequences is vital for improving organizational efficiency and enhancing employee satisfaction. 2- THEORETICAL FRAMEWORKThe theoretical framework of this research is based on concepts of organizational deviance and mental health. Organizational mobbing refers to a set of harmful and repetitive behaviors aimed at harming individuals or groups in the workplace. Previous studies highlight the long-term psychological, physical, and social impacts of these behaviors. Mental health, a key determinant of life quality and job performance, includes four main dimensions: anxiety and sleep disorders, depression, physical responses, and social functioning. 3- METHODOLOGYThis applied research utilized a mixed-methods approach (qualitative and quantitative). In the qualitative phase, data were collected through interviews with 17 experts in management and psychology, each with at least 10 years of professional experience. This phase identified 35 mobbing-related factors, which were finalized using the Delphi method. In the quantitative phase, the population comprised Mashhad Municipality employees with a minimum of five years of service, from which 164 participants were randomly selected. Data collection tools included a mobbing questionnaire (based on qualitative findings) and the Goldberg & Hillier General Health Questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS and various statistical tests. 4- RESULTS & DISCUSSIONThe results revealed that workplace mobbing significantly impacts employees' mental health. Six key dimensions of mobbing were confirmed: physical violence, verbal abuse, harassment, intimidation, discrimination, and destructive/deviant behaviors. These behaviors had the most significant effects on mental health dimensions, including anxiety and sleep disorders (r = 0.871), depression (r = 0.685), physical responses (r = 0.582), and social functioning (r = 0.676). Employees exposed to mobbing experienced severe psychological issues, such as anxiety, depression, insomnia, and reduced social interactions. These findings align with previous research, which highlights mobbing as a major stressor leading to decreased motivation, reduced self-confidence, and impaired job performance. 5- CONCLUSIONS & SUGGESTIONSThe study underscores the adverse effects of workplace mobbing on both employee mental health and organizational productivity. Managers at Mashhad Municipality should identify early signs of mobbing and implement preventive measures to mitigate such behaviors. Training programs for managers and supervisors are recommended to help them recognize mobbing symptoms and intervene effectively. Furthermore, fostering an open and supportive organizational culture, conducting anonymous surveys, and offering psychological counseling services can reduce the impact of mobbing and enhance employees' mental health. It is also suggested that intervention programs, such as yoga, breathing exercises, and group activities, be introduced to build employee resilience and reduce mobbing effects. These strategies can play a crucial role in improving working conditions, increasing job satisfaction, and ultimately enhancing organizational performance.
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