بازشناسایی شاخص های زیبایی شناسی منظر شهری (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
مناظر شهری از مهم ترین فضاهای شهری محسوب می شوند و می توانند در زیباسازی محیط های شهری و افزایش جذب شهروندان به فضاهای مذکور نقش مهمی را ایفا نمایند .بر همین اساس هدف از تحقیق حاضر واکاوی و بازشناسایی شاخص های زیبایی شناسی منظر شهری می باشد. در راستای دستیابی به هدف تحقیق از منابع کتابخانه ای به جهت نگارش مقدمه و مصاحبه نیمه ساختاریافته از متخصصین امر در دو مرحله برای دستیابی به شاخص ها بهره گرفته شد که جامعه آماری از 21 متخصص تشکیل گردید. در مصاحبه اول شاخص ها به دست آمد سپس در مصاحبه دوم با تشکیل ماتریس بازیگر-هدف اهمیت شاخص ها مشخص شد. در ادامه داده های به دست آمده در نرم افزارهای مکتور و اطلس تی آی وارد گردیده و مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد شاخص های توجه به پارک ها و فضاهای سبز، تنوع و توازن رنگ، نورپردازی مناسب و توجه به انسان محور بودن مناظر شهری با اهمیت ترین و شاخص استفاده از انرژی های تجدیدپذیر کم اهمیت ترین شاخص در زیبایی شناسی منظر شهری می باشد. به طور کلی می توان بیان نمود که برنامه ریزان و طراحان شهری باید به شاخص های مطرح شده در تحقیق حاضر و بر اساس اولویت بندی به ویژه شاخص انسان محور نمودن مناظر شهری برای برنامه ریزی و طراحی منظر شهری جذاب و زیبا توجه ویژه داشته باشند تا با ایجاد منظر شهری مطلوب بتوانند رضایت شهروندان را کسب نمایند و محیط و منظر دلنشین و آرامش بخشی را برای افراد جامعه آماده کنند.Identifying of the aesthetic indicators of the urban landscape
IntroductionA city is introduced as a place of residence where continuous social development takes place. Inside this unit, areas such as shelter, accommodation, commuting, work, rest and recreation meet the needs of society. The number of people who are engaged in agricultural activities is small, the population density is higher than the villages and it consists of small units called neighborhoods (Keles, 1998, Tulek et al, 2024). Rapid urbanization causes the change of natural surfaces (such as agricultural and forest lands) to artificial surfaces (such as buildings, roads) i.e. changed use (Rafael et al, 2019, Han et al, 2023, McKinney, 2002, McKinney, 2006, Sliwinski et al, 2016, Aronson et al, 2014, Reynolds et al, 2019, Maseko et al, 2024) and has caused urban areas to continuously increase to meet the needs (Dadashpoor et al, 2019 , He et al, 2022, Han et al, 2023, Ettinger et al, 2021, Gibb and Hochuli, 2002, Huang et al, 2024). The aesthetics of the urban environment is a complex issue that a city should be evaluated beyond its physical characteristics (Rezafar, 2023). Despite the long history of urbanization, environmental aesthetics and especially the aesthetics of the urban landscape have received less and less attention, and now that the majority of the world's population lives in cities, the need to pay attention to the issue of environmental beauty is felt much more (Mohazzab Tollab et al. 2018). A significant part of urban development is related to the beautification of the city's day and night landscape. Landscape has a great impact on the quality of life and aesthetic considerations are important for it (Feridonzadeh and Keshavarz, 2023). MethodologyAt first, in order to obtain the aesthetic indicators, a semi-structured interview was conducted with experts, and the structural analysis method was used in the analysis of the obtained data, and the texts obtained from the interviews were word by word and line by line. It was checked and the relationship between the codes in them was discovered, then these texts were entered into the Atlas TI software and the desired quotations and codings were done and the relationship between the extracted codes was defined through the tools in the software. Finally, these connections were extracted from the software in the form of a final model, and finally 36 indicators were obtained in this regard. Then, in the second interview, by forming the actor-target matrix, the experts were asked to rate each of the indicators from -4 to 4, where the number 0 indicates no opinion, the number 4 indicates the highest score, and the number -4 indicates the lowest score. After collecting the given answers, the points assigned to each of the indicators were averaged by experts with a specialized field and entered into the actor-target matrix of Mector software. This process was done for all six participating specialties (city planners, urban planners, landscape architects, green space engineers, psychologists and art experts) in the research until the final actor-goal matrix was completely completed. Next, the necessary analyzes were performed on the obtained matrix in Mactor software and the final results were obtained. Results and discussionIn total, it can be stated that the indicators of attention to parks and green spaces, color diversity and balance, order and harmony in design, use of water in the urban landscape, attention to the size of spaces in design, proper lighting and attention to people The centrality of urban landscapes has received the most repetition from experts, and the index of using renewable energy shows the least number of repetitions. The results in the importance and convergence (pure distance) of urban landscape aesthetic indices are significantly similar to other sections, which shows the consistency of the results and their reliability. In the following, we can point out the convergence between art experts and green space engineers, who have had the most convergence, and due to the alignment and alignment of these two specialties in relation to the recognition of environmental aesthetic characteristics, the result obtained can be a valid result. He assumed trust. In the review of related sources, it was found that there is no research in line with the present research, in which the analysis and identification of the indicators of urban landscape aesthetics are fully and accurately paid to cover all aspects of urban landscape aesthetics. Therefore, it can be said that the innovation of the present research is the identification and prioritization of the aesthetic indicators of the urban landscape in order to properly plan and design these spaces and places. The indicators of the present research extract the dimensions needed by experts for planning and design using the qualitative research method and appropriate to the topic and present it for the first time in the form of an article. ConclusionUrban landscapes are considered as one of the most important urban spaces, and the process of planning and designing these spaces should be given the attention of experts. These spaces can play a significant role in beautifying urban environments. Therefore, in this regard, the current research was conducted to analyze and identify the aesthetic indicators of the urban landscape and it was determined that the indicators of attention to parks and green spaces, color diversity and balance, order and harmony in design, water use in the urban landscape attention to the size of the spaces in the design, proper lighting and attention to the human-centeredness of the most frequent urban landscapes, indicators of attention to parks and green spaces, the most important indicators of attention to parks and green spaces, color diversity and balance, appropriate lighting and Paying attention to the human-centeredness of urban landscapes are the most converging indicators and it means that the mentioned indicators should be prioritized in the planning of experts.
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