بررسی جایگاه و تحولات ضرب المثل در سبک های نثر ادبیات کلاسیک (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
در این پژوهش با هدف بررسی کلی جایگاه و تحولات ضرب المثل ها در سبک های نثر فارسی، سیر تطور تاریخی کاربرد انواع ضرب المثل ها، نحوه کاربردشان در متن، ارتباط ضرب المثل های فارسی با ضرب المثل های عربی و بررسی رویکرد نویسندگان به آنها در پانزده کتاب منثور در موضوع های مختلف، از قرن پنجم تا قرن نهم تحلیل شده است. در این قرن ها، انواع آیات و احادیث، امثال سائره، سخنان مشایخ، اشعار شاعران و داستان های مشهور به صورت ضرب المثل وارد نثر شده اند، نتایج بررسی ها نشان می دهد: از نظر تاریخی، سبک مرسل(قرن پنجم): دوره آغاز حضور ضرب المثل ها، سبک بینابین(اواخر قرن پنجم): دوره تثبیت، سبک فنی و مصنوع(قرن ششم و هفتم): دوران طلایی و قرن هشتم و نهم: دوران افول کاربرد ضرب المثل ها در متون فارسی است. تکرار بدون تغییر، تکرار با تغییر جزئی، مثل سازی، متروک شدن برخی امثال با تغییر سبک ها از تحولات ضرب المثل در این قرن هاست. جایگاه آنها در متن با حروف و جمله های رابط یا بدون رابط و مستقیم است. ضرب المثل های عربی در چند روش: بدون ترجمه، ترجمه لفظی، ترجمه مفهومی و معادل سازی در کنار ضرب المثل های فارسی آمده اند، نویسندگان متون نیز برخی ضرب المثل ها را در راستای اندیشه خود تغییر داده یا ردّ کرده اند.Examining the status and evolutions of proverb in proses styles of classical literature
In this study, with the aim of general study of the Place and developments of proverbs in Persian prose styles, fifteen prominent prose books It has been analyzed in various subjects from the fifth to the ninth century AH. About The historical evolution of the use of proverbs, how they are used in the text, the relationship between Persian proverbs and Arabic proverbs and the authors' approach to them. In these centuries, all kinds of verses and hadiths, Common proverbs, sayings of elders, sages, mystics and poems of poet have entered prose in the form of proverbs. The results of the study of developments show: Historically, this is the evolution of proverbs, Morsal style (fifth century): beginning, Beynabeyn style (late fifth century): consolidation, technical style (sixth and seventh centuries): the golden age and the eighth and ninth century: the Age of decline. Repetition without change, repetition with partial change, simile, the abandonment of some proverbs by changing styles are among the evolutions of proverbs in these centurie. The position of proverbs in the text is with a letter and a connecting sentence or without a connecting sentence. A large part of the structure of proverbs has remained unchanged with the change of styles, but some proverbs have been transformed with the change of styles.. Arabic proverbs along with Persian proverbs come in several ways: without translation, verbal translation, conceptual translation and equivalence. The personal style of the writers has been involved in the evolution of proverbs, and some of them have changed or rejected the proverbs in line with their ideas. Keywords: proverbs, Persian proverbs, Arabic proverbs, prose texts, style, position, transformation. Proverbs are an inseparable part of classical Persian literature that were used in different literary texts on different subjects in every century. Persian proverbs were used in texts before Islam and Arabic proverbs were one of the effects of Iranians' familiarity with Arabic language and literature, which after Islam appeared alongside Persian proverbs and became part of the proverbs and rulings of literature. In this study, with the aim of general study of the Place and developments of proverbs in Persian prose styles, fifteen prominent prose books It has been analyzed in various subjects from the fifth to the ninth century AH which includesthe prose of Morsal, Beynabeyn, technical(Fani), artificial(Masno),comforting(Mosajeh) and simple styles. These books are among the most prominent works of Persian prose styles, which can be introduced as works of style. In the fifth century: Nasser Khosrow Qabadiani's travel book (Safarnameh), Abul Fazl Beyhaqi's Tarikh Beyhaqi, Sir al-Molok Khwaja Nizam al-Mulk Tosi, Qabusnama of the Onsorolmali Kikavous ibn Washmegir, Nowruzname Khayyam. In the 6th century: Kalila and Damna Nasrallah Manshi, Maghamat-e-Hamidi from Hamid al-Din Balkhi, al-Tussil to al-Trasal Baha al-Din Baghdadi and Raha al-Sadour Ravandi. In the 7th century: Naftha al-Masdur Nesavi, Marzban Namah Saad al-Din Varavini, Jahangashay Ata-Malik Juvayni and Golestan Saadi Shirazi, and in the 8th century: Akhlaq al-Ashraf Ubayd Zakani and in the 9th century: Baharestan Jami ,has been analyzed. The Statistical Society of the research is fifteen mentioned books, and the research method is based on library studies and writing an article in descriptive and analytical form. The main question of the research is what place proverbs had in different styles of classical literature and what changes they have undergone. Based on the main question, the following questions have been asked: The frequency of Persian and Arabic proverbs in different styles, according to the historical course, what highs and lows has it gone through? What is the position of proverbs and how they are used in different styles? How are Arabic proverbs used in different styles along with Persian proverbs? How are the stylistic evolutions of proverbs accordin
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