امنیت گرایی و تحدید حقّ دفاع متهم در جرایم اقتصادی (چالش ها و راهکارها) (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
رویکرد امنیتی به برخی از جرایم اقتصادی (قاچاق عمده و کلان ارز، پولشویی، اخلال در نظام اقتصادی از طریق قبول سپرده ی اشخاص و اخلال در نظام پولی و بانکی، تبانی در معاملات دولتی و...) بر اساس دیدگاه های فقهی وگفتمان دشمن محور نسبت به بزهکاران اقتصادی کلان موجب بهره گیری سیاست جنایی از راهبردهای امنیت گرا در آیین دادرسی کیفری در قبال برخی از جرایم اقتصادی شده است، که به نظر می رسد با فنی و تخصصی شدن بزهکاری اقتصادی رسیدگی کیفری بر مبنای رویکرد امنیتی، راهبردی مقطعی و زود بازده بوده و در دراز مدت نمی تواند چندان کارساز باشد و موفقیت در این زمینه مستلزم کاربست تدابیر ویژه در افتراقی سازی آیین دادرسی جرایم اقتصادی در تمامی ابعادآن می باشد. این پژوهش کاربردی و با روش توصیفی و تحلیلی به واکاوی مهمترین جلوه های رویکرد امنیت گرا در فرآیند دادرسی جرایم اقتصادی با تکیه بر رویه ی قضایی حاکم و چالش ها و پیامدهای این راهبرد پرداخته است. یافته های این پژوهش نشان می دهند که بکارگیری رویکرد امنیت گرا در نحوه ی پاسخ گزینی و پاسخ دهی در قبال بزهکاری اقتصادی کلان موجب عدول از موازین حاکم بر دادرسی منصفانه و تحدید حق دفاع متهمان گردیده و آیین دادرسی کیفری ایران در حوزه ی جرایم اقتصادی از انسجام کافی و لازم برخوردار نمی باشد. فقدان تخصص و تخصص گرایی در فرآیند دادرسی جرایم اقتصادی حلقه ی مفقوده و مهم، در رسیدن به یک الگوی مطلوب در دادرسی این جرایم محسوب می شود.Securityism and Restriction of the Right of the Accused to Defend in Economic Crimes (Challenges and Solutions)
Economic crimes are one of the major challenges of societies at the national and international levels and have devastating effects on the economic order and security of countries. The security of some economic crimes based on jurisprudential views and hostile discourse towards macroeconomic criminals and the globalization of some new forms of these crimes have led to the use of security-oriented strategies in the process of prosecuting economic crimes in Iran. This study intends to analyze the effects of security-oriented approaches and the challenges they face in teaching economic crimes in the Iranian legal system through descriptive and analytical methods. The findings of this study show that the country's judicial system does not have the necessary coherence in this regard. Applying a security-oriented approach in responding to the perpetrators of these crimes has led to its confrontation with the global model of fair trial and deviation from its standards and has limited the right of defendants to defend themselves. Extreme securityism is corrupt in the long run, regardless of human rights standards. It requires the existence of a coherent and differential criminal policy, especially in the procedure of these crimes in the organization and the trial, and attention to professionalism in all its dimensions.Economic crimes are one of the major challenges of societies at the national and international levels and have devastating effects on the economic order and security of countries. The security of some economic crimes based on jurisprudential views and hostile discourse towards macroeconomic criminals and the globalization of some new forms of these crimes have led to the use of security-oriented strategies in the process of prosecuting economic crimes in Iran. This study intends to analyze the effects of security-oriented approaches and the challenges they face in teaching economic crimes in the Iranian legal system through descriptive and analytical methods. The findings of this study show that the country's judicial system does not have the necessary coherence in this regard. Applying a security-oriented approach in responding to the perpetrators of these crimes has led to its confrontation with the global model of fair trial and deviation from its standards and has limited the right of defendants to defend themselves. Extreme securityism is corrupt in the long run, regardless of human rights standards. It requires the existence of a coherent and differential criminal policy, especially in the procedure of these crimes in the organization and the trial, and attention to professionalism in all its dimensions.Economic crimes are one of the major challenges of societies at the national and international levels and have devastating effects on the economic order and security of countries. The security of some economic crimes based on jurisprudential views and hostile discourse towards macroeconomic criminals and the globalization of some new forms of these crimes have led to the use of security-oriented strategies in the process of prosecuting economic crimes in Iran. This study intends to analyze the effects of security-oriented approaches and the challenges they face in teaching economic crimes in the Iranian legal system through descriptive and analytical methods. The findings of this study show that the country's judicial system does not have the necessary coherence in this regard. Applying a security-oriented approach in responding to the perpetrators of these crimes has led to its confrontation with the global model of fair trial and deviation from its standards and has limited the right of defendants to defend themselves. Extreme securityism is corrupt in the long run, regardless of human rights standards. It requires the existence of a coherent and differential criminal policy, especially in the procedure of these crimes in the organization and the trial, and attention to professionalism in all its dimensions.Economic crimes are one of the major challenges of societies at the national and international levels and have devastating effects on the economic order and security of countries. The security of some economic crimes based on jurisprudential views and hostile discourse towards macroeconomic criminals and the globalization of some new forms of these crimes have led to the use of security-oriented strategies in the process of prosecuting economic crimes in Iran. This study intends to analyze the effects of security-oriented approaches and the challenges they face in teaching economic crimes in the Iranian legal system through descriptive and analytical methods. The findings of this study show that the country's judicial system does not have the necessary coherence in this regard. Applying a security-oriented approach in responding to the perpetrators of these crimes has led to its confrontation with the global model of fair trial and deviation from its standards and has limited the right of defendants to defend themselves. Extreme securityism is corrupt in the long run, regardless of human rights standards. It requires the existence of a coherent and differential criminal policy, especially in the procedure of these crimes in the organization and the trial, and attention to professionalism in all its dimensions.
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