آینده پژوهی سیاست خارجی جمهوری اسلامی ایران در مورد موضوع فلسطین (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
موضوع فلسطین به عنوان یکی از محوری ترین مسائل در سیاست خارجی جمهوری اسلامی ایران بوده است. تبیین چشم انداز سیاست خارجی جمهوری اسلامی ایران در موضوع فلسطین هدف اصلی نوشتار است و به دنبال تدوین سناریوهای ممکن، محتمل و مطلوب در آینده سیاست خارجی جمهوری اسلامی ایران در مورد موضوع فلسطین است. پژوهش به لحاظ ماهیت موضوع، با استفاده از نوعی روش تحقیق کیفی در دو مرحله مطالعه اکتشافی (خواندن) و مصاحبه، در پرتو سؤالات اکتشافی دنبال شده است. پژوهش جامعه آماری نداشته ولی جامعه خبرگان شامل 21 نفر است که از نمونه گیری با روش گلوله برفی انتخاب شدند، مصاحبه ها تا مرحله اشباع استمرار یافت و پس از مصاحبه، برای اخذ گزاره های اصلی ناظر بر موضوع از متن مصاحبه ها، از روش تجزیه وتحلیل تم، 10 تم استخراج شد از جمله: الف- حمایت از جبهه مقاومت، متحدسازی و همسویی اهداف گروه های مقاومت در مقابل سلطه گری اسرائیل و ایجاد روابط عمیق با کشورهایی با سیاست های ضد اسرائیلی؛ ب- بی انگیزگی افکار عمومی در حمایت از فلسطین به دلیل عدم اعتماد به سیاستگذاران داخلی، اختلاف و تفرقه افکنی میان مسلمانان و نبود همگرایی در ظرفیت قدرت های بزرگ در موضوع فلسطین.A Future Study of Foreign Policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran: The Case of Palestine
Introduction The Palestine issue has held a central position in the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Since its inception, the Islamic Republic of Iran has pursued a policy of non-alignment and protection of Muslims, marked by the non-recognition of the Israeli regime and the protection of Palestinian rights. This article aimed to elucidate the foreign policy perspective of the Islamic Republic of Iran regarding the Palestine issue, with a primary focus on formulating possible, likely, and desirable scenarios for Iran’s future foreign policy on this matter. Materials and Methods As an exploratory endeavor, the present research employed a qualitative research method, which consisted of two stages: an initial exploratory study involving extensive reading and subsequent interviews. The research did not involve a statistical population; instead, a community of experts comprising 21 individuals was selected through the snowball sampling method. Results and Discussion The interviews were conducted until reaching the saturation stage. Then, nine themes were identified through thematic analysis. The identified themes encompassed the main statements derived from the interviews. They are as follows: Prioritizing the Palestine issue and emphasizing its significance in Iran’s constitution, as well as the necessity of supporting anti-Israeli resistance according to Imam Khomeini’s perspective, as national religious duties and fundamental pillars of the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran; Supporting the resistance front, fostering unity, aligning goals among resistance groups against Israeli dominance, and establishing strong ties with countries that maintain anti-Israel policies; The lack of public incentive to support Palestine attributed to distrust in domestic policymakers, divisions among Muslims, and lack of consensus and a single voice on the part of the regional superpower concerning the Palestinian cause; Potential compromises involving recognition of the Palestinian government, alongside the importance of Islamic unity and awakening; Supporting Palestine as a national project, requiring a unified stance and support from all branches of government, including political, economic, social, military, and cultural sectors, as well as academic and research institutions; Supporting the resistance front and pursuing common goals against Israeli monopolization, while fostering strong relationships with the countries opposing Israel; Advocating for international laws pertaining to Palestine, planning and overseeing referendums, and championing the right to self-determination; Highlighting Israeli vulnerabilities, dismantling the perception of Israeli invincibility, exposing the true nature of Israel, and refusing to recognize it; Restoring the lost rights of Palestinians and reclaiming control over their territories; Achieving absolute dominance in the Middle East and gaining control over its financial and economic resources as Israel’s main objective, in addition to its strategic positioning. Conclusion In conclusion, the following strategies are recommended for Iran’s foreign policy on Palestine. First, the regional crisis indicates that the Middle East experiences the highest political and security unrest compared to other regions. This is primarily due to the conflicting security policies pursued by actors with different identities. The United States has focused its national security strategies on the Middle East. Iran should aim to create a regional and Islamic identity among the actors in order to foster constructive interaction. Each country in the Middle East has its own identity incentive to play its political role. Therefore, any regional innovations by Iran in addressing the Palestinian conflict and promoting Middle East peace should take into account making an identity model. The emergence of Islamic groups has transformed the nature of conflicts in the region, highlighting the influence of identity and ideological trends. These factors have also imposed limitations on the United States and Israel. Second, the redress of Palestinian rights is the main issue in the Middle East. Iran should play a role in establishing a strong, integrated government in Palestine as a first step towards finding an Islamic identity and reducing ongoing bloodshed in the region. Other countries must recognize the Palestinian government. Third, the increasing conflicts in Palestine keep the peace proposal to come into effect and help stablish two governments in this region. Iran’s foreign policy goal on Palestine should be to support the idea of establishing a unified Palestinian government based on the majority demands. Organized support for Palestinian fighters is necessary under these circumstances. However, if Palestinian groups reject Iran’s policy, a new wave of anti-violence policies will emerge in the region. Therefore, revolutionary movements in Palestine should be recognized internationally, especially by the Islamic world. This recognition will help protect the revolutionary identity and resistance in Palestine by preventing Israel from repressing them. Finally, Iran’s foreign policy towards Palestine relies on the support of its own people. It is crucial for Iran to maintain and protect this public support at any cost. While the current support is largely based on religious beliefs, the government should also clarify other aspects of its policy to the people. Addressing any questions or concerns that arise will help reinforce Iran’s policy on supporting the Palestinian cause. Therefore, Iran’s foreign policy on Palestine should be backed by comprehensive national support, and any compromise in this regard is tantamount to compromising Iran’s Islamic and revolutionary identity.
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