امکان سنجی توسعه موارد تأثیر بهبود بر میزان دیه: از جزم گرایی تا تفصیل (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
در فقه امامیه و به تبع آن در قانون مجازات اسلامی بهبود برخی آسیب های وارده بر تمامیت جسمانی اشخاص موجب کاهش دیه دانسته شده است. این آسیب ها محدود بوده و شامل همه آسیب های جنایی نمی شود. پرسش بسیار حیاتی که در این رابطه هم برای محاکم قضایی و هم برای نهادهای متولی امر کارشناسی همچون سازمان پزشکی قانونی رخ کرده این است که آیا حقیقتاً تنها بهبود آسیب های مصرح در فقه و قانون موجب کاهش دیه می شود یا می توان این تأثیرگذاری را به تمامی آسیب های جنایی توسعه داد؟ با تأمل در متون فقهی می توان دو دیدگاه مستقل در این زمینه یافت که دایر مدار نفی و اثبات جواز توسعه موارد بهبود هستند. این نوشتار با نقد و بررسی این دو دیدگاه، با رویکردی توصیفی – تحلیلی چنین نتیجه گرفته است که تأثیر بهبود بر میزان دیه آسیب های مختلف، یکسان نیست بلکه بایستی در این زمینه قائل به تفصیل شد؛ با این بیان که در آسیب هایی همانند قطع عضو، زوال منافع، جراحات - غیر از شجاج و غیر از جائفه و نافذه - و اغلب آسیب های استخوانی بایستی معتقد به تأثیر بهبود بر میزان دیه شد اما در آسیب هایی همانند شجاج، جائفه و نافذه و نیز تغییر رنگ پوست نمی توان بهبود را بر میزان دیه مؤثر دانست.The Impact of Recovery on Blood Money Amount: From Dogmatism to Detail
Statement of the Problem and Research Objective: Within jurisprudential texts and the Islamic Penal Code, the recuperation of certain injuries leads to a reduction in the corresponding blood money. Notably, the complete recovery from a spinal fracture, for instance, decreases the blood money from the total to one-tenth of its original value (Allameh Helli, 1420, 5/582 and Article 647 of the IPL). However, a notable limitation emerges: the scope of injuries subject to this reduction remains restricted, and a general rule regarding the influence of recovery on blood money quantity is absent. The core focus of this research is to explore the potential for extending the instances where recovery affects blood money amounts. The research aims to elucidate the position of Imamih jurisprudence and the Islamic Penal Code on this matter.
Research Questions: A pivotal inquiry arises concerning the blood money for unspecified injuries assuming recovery occurs. Does the fixed blood money also decrease for these cases upon recovery? Is the decision to reduce blood money exclusive to cases explicitly stipulated in Islamic jurisprudence or the penal code?
Theories: The penal code leaves this issue unaddressed, yielding two distinct viewpoints in jurisprudence. One perspective negates the generalization of recovery cases, while the other affirms its possibility. This article refrains from dogmatically endorsing either theory but instead evaluates the impact of recovery on blood money quantities based on fundamental texts concerning blood money and contextual reflection.
Method: This study employs a library-based data collection method. The analysis and exposition follow a descriptive and analytical approach.
Results: The author's contemplation of the potential influence of recovery on the blood money for injuries impacting individuals' physical well-being leads to the following conclusions:
Amputation of Limbs and Extremities: Religious texts indicate that blood money for organs intends not to compensate harm but to rectify the gap resulting from limb loss. Consequently, blood money for amputations becomes inapplicable upon limb transplantation or repair. Compensation is contingent on expert consultation. Thus, the constraint on blood money does not hinder its effect on recovery.
Extinguishment of Interest: Stipulations by certain jurists on fixed compensation in cases of restored hearing and reason imply that if recovery of interest is feasible, the blood money reflects temporary rather than permanent extinguishment. For miraculous or unforeseen interest returns, the prescribed blood money remains unchanged.
Wounds: Recovery of head, face, grave, and scratch wounds doesn't impact fated blood money. The juridical titles governing these cases warrant fixed blood money, unaffected by recovery. Consultation with experts determines compensation if wounds heal.
Bone Damage: In cases of bone damage like fractures, crushing, and dislocations, recovery reduces blood money, reflecting the influence of recovery described in religious texts. However, scratches and bone-clearing wounds, where blood money corresponds to established titles, remain unaffected by recovery.
Skin Color Change: Skin color alteration fixes the blood money amount, and the subsequent return to the original color post-crime has no impact.
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