مطالعه ی کارکردهای رادیو در مناسک سازی امور خیریه و پویشگری دینی - اجتماعی
آرشیو
چکیده
شناخت چگونگی کارکرد رسانه ها در حوزه های اجتماعی ازجمله دین یکی از موضوعات مهم در تاریخ رسانه بوده است و رادیو یکی از رسانه هایی است که از آغاز فعالیتش با توجه به سهولت دسترسی مخاطبان عام و خاص به آن، برای انتشار پیام های دینی به کار رفته است. بخشی از محتوای دینی ارائه شده در رادیو به شکل وعظ و دعا و آموزش مبانی دینی و بخش دیگر با هدف انسجام بخشیدن به گروه های پراکنده مخاطبان و بهره گیری از ظرفیت اجتماعی آنها در قالب فعالیت های عام المنفعه و خیریه دینی به ویژه مناسک سازی تولید شده است. مسئله تحقیق حاضر این است که دریابد چگونه از ظرفیت های آموزشی، اطلاع رسانی و اقناعی رادیو برای ترویج امور خیریه و مناسک سازی استفاده می شود. این مقاله می کوشد به دو سؤال پاسخ دهد: در رادیو چه ساختاری برای اینگونه پیام ها و ترویج آن اتخاذ می شود؟ رادیو چگونه می تواند با تقویت پویش های دینی اجتماعی، فعالیت های خیریه را به نوعی مناسک تبدیل و به دوام آن کمک کند؟ در این مقاله با روش کیفی با رویکردی توصیفی تحلیلی نمونه هایی مطالعه می شوند که از دو رادیو فرهنگ و تهران انتخاب شده اند. یافته های تحقیق نشان می دهند عواملی مانند تداوم و تمرکز بر اینگونه پیام ها که موجب شکل گیری پویش های اجتماعی خیریه در جامعه می شوند، نادیده گرفته شده اند و فرهنگ سازی با برنامه های پراکنده بدون استفاده از ظرفیت های جدید رسانه ای موجب نهادینه شدن پیام و درنتیجه، مشارکت مستمر و تبدیل امر خیر به مناسک نخواهد شد.Studying the Functions of Radio in the Ritualization of Charity Affairs and Religious-Social Campaigning
Introduction Understanding how religious rites are reflected in the media and their impact on the believing audience is only possible by knowing the contexts of the relationship between two important social institutions, religion and the media. Considering the extent of the research conducted on the relationship between religion and media, the ideas presented can be found in a wide range from absolute acceptance to complete rejection of this contractual relationship. The number and form of beliefs and rituals are different in each religion, but in general, the purpose of performing rituals is to strengthen people's relationship with the religious aspects of religion. For years, these two aspects of religion (beliefs and rituals) have been reflected in the media. The research problem of the article is to find out how radio's educational, informative, and persuasive capacities are used to promote charity and rituals. How can Radium turn charitable activities into rituals by strengthening social religious campaigns and help them last? In the media of radio, which uses the four elements of speech, music, effect, and silence, various forms of message presentation emerge and lead to the mental imagination of the audience and his emotional involvement. Creating an environment for inducing a religious message is also different. This issue has an interdisciplinary nature and we can use many types of research for the background of the research. Research methodology Considering the novelty of the subject, this research is exploratory, and in terms of method, it is qualitative, and it has been done with a documentary-library method and a descriptive-analytical approach based on theoretical studies. In this research, the library method is employed to use the ideas raised about the research topic to form a meaningful whole. In the second stage, several radio programs were listened to again and analyzed using the descriptive method. Therefore, the research method in this research is inductive (moving from data to theory) to reach the key concepts. After searching for programs that deal with the issue of charity, two program titles, "Iran goghrāfi_ya Mehrabānī from Radio Farhang" and "Bar Madāre_ Nīkī” from” Radio Tehran" were identified and five episodes from each of them from the fall and winter of 1400 were randomly selected. Since the sample size in qualitative research does not have a specific amount and number, and the number of samples is determined based on the amount of information obtained and the saturation of information, so this number was sufficient. These programs were selected because claimed in their goals, "introduction of charitable institutions and charitable affairs with the aim of raising public awareness" and "promotion of charitable affairs, charities and people who benefit from these charities" Research finding In addition to the structural weakness in messaging, the failure to broadcast the programs regularly at certain times and days, which is one of the principles of programming and helps to engage the audience, has weakened the effectiveness of the programs and the alignment of the audience with the charity campaign. Due to the lack of broadcast time and fixed structure, these programs have become a kind of occasional programs that, according to media definitions, remain only at the level of information purposes, and due to the lack of continuity and repetition of the message, they are not able to change the attitude or ultimately encourage the audience to behave in a certain way. To emphasize the importance of using new methods of attracting the audience in the production of such programs, it should be said that today the media have provided new opportunities to attract attention to charity affairs, which are far from the traditional methods. The traditional methods of attracting the attention of the audience to participate in the charity affairs of radios were: - Keeping in touch with regular contacts by sending messages on special occasions and answering their questions about how to participate in charity affairs. - Receiving advertisements and broadcasting promotional messages in common ways on the radio and advertising the program being broadcast in newspapers and city billboards. - Presenting a report on how to spend charity income to the audience. Discussion and Conclusion: To create media rites and then spread and consolidate them, the media should emphasize elements or beliefs that are learned quickly, implemented simply, cause a sense of spiritual satisfaction in people, placed in a simple media format, to be played many times and their repetition does not make the audience bored. These elements should not conflict with religious beliefs in terms of the structure and meaning of the message. Therefore, it seems that currently, programs are produced and broadcast on the radio to promote the good deed and encourage the audience to participate in a religious-social campaign, need to redefine the goals and methods of presenting the message to the audience, and despite the inherent capacities of the radio, they cannot be fruitful with the current structure. The parallel use of virtual space and making it possible for the audience to communicate with the program makers and send comments and complete the information and report the activities they have done in line with the goals of the program in the virtual space will help them to become more passionate about such charities. Multimedia capabilities should be taken seriously and not limited to producing and broadcasting radio programs. Integrating religious foundations with the cultural traditions of each province and producing special programs on provincial radios in addition to national radios can be one of the factors that strengthen charity through the media.
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