بن مایه های غنایی در تازی سروده های خاقانی (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
خاقانی ، یکی از گویندگان سبک آذربایجانی است که از ستارگان فروزان آسمان ادب سده ششم ایران و از سبک داران کم مانند ادبیّات در سراسر سده های پس از خویش به شمار می آید که در گستره پهناور نظم و نثر فارسی و تازی، خوش درخشیده است. به دنبال فراگیر بودن پهنه ادبیّات غنایی بی گمان دیوان خاقانی نیز از این دیدگاه، درخور بررسی است در میان یادگار های جادو سخن آذربایجان سروده های تازی او جایگاه غنایی ویژه ای دارند نگارنده در جستار پیش روی با انگیزه شناخت ژرف تر عواطف، هیجانات و احساسات خاقانی به یاری روش توصیفی- تحلیلی در پی پاسخ دادن به این پرسش است که کدام یک از بن مایه ها و اندیشه های غنایی خاقانی در تازی سروده های او، بازتاب یافته اند؟ بررسی ها نشان می دهد که سخن سنج شروانی، در سروده های تازی به بازتاب درون مایه های خوشایند غنایی عشق و جوانی، بزم باده، آرزوها، خودستایی ، ستایش و شادی نامه و بن مایه های ناخوشایند غنایی پیری و ناتوانی، حسب حال، شکواییه (اندوه، درد، گریه و گله)، بیماری، نومیدی و بدبینی، خوارداشت و نکوهش، هراس های سه گانه (بیمناکی از بدخواهان شروانی، بیمناکی از گرفتاری های روزگار و بیمناکی از تنگ دستی)، آوارگی و تنهایی و سرگردانی و سرانجام سوگ نامه و البّته درون مایه های پراکنده دیگری چون نیایش، عرفان و وطن سرایی و.. پرداخته است.Lyrical themes in Khaghani's Arabic poems
Khaghani is one of the Azerbaijani style poetsWhich is one of the shining stars in the sky of Iranian literature in the sixth century. He is considered a poet with a unique style in the literature of the following centuries. Khaghani has been very brilliant in Persian and Arabic poetry and prose. Due to the vastness of lyrical literature, Khaghani's divan also has an important place in this regard. Among the works of this Azerbaijani wizard, her Arabic poems have a special lyrical place. In this article, the author uses a descriptive-analytical method to better understand Khaghani's emotions and feelings to answer the question that Which of the lyrical themes and ideas can be seen in Khaghani's Arabic poems? Studies show that Adib Shervani, in her Arabic poems, reflects the pleasant lyrical themes better than her other works؛ Pleasant topics such as love and youth, wine celebration, wishes, bragging, praise and congratulations. Khaghani also discusses the themes of lyric poetry such as aging and disability, biography, dissatisfaction (sadness, pain, crying and wailing), illness, despair and pessimism, humiliation and insult, three types of fear (fear of enemies, fear of calamities). Time (and fear of poverty), displacement and loneliness and wandering and finally mourning speaks. Of course, he also talks about other topics such as prayer, mysticism and homeland. 1 . Introduction Persian literature with a history of more than a thousand years, has a remarkable height and width and in general, has four types of epic, lyrical, educational and dramatic (see: Tamimdari, 2001: 145). Among these, "the widest semantic horizon is the horizon of lyric poems" (Shafiee Kadkani, 1994: 7). Although the history of Lyrical poem in Iran dates back to the time of early poets (see: Neshat, 1968: 88/1), but the use of the word Lyrical poem in Persian is not very old and is derived from the phrase "Alshe?r al- ghenayi " from the Arab. (see: Shamisa, 2011: 127). Although the comprehensive definition of this type of literature is a difficult phenomenon due to the breadth of the field, nevertheless, whatever the interpretation of lyrical literature, its purpose is to "describe the emotions and sensuality of the individual and all human sensuality of any kind. "It's the subject of lyrical literature." (Safa, 2000: 3). Khaghani Shervani, this wise sage and eloquent orator, is one of the great masters of poetry and prose (see: Hedayat, 1966: 732) who has left valuable works in Persian and Arabic and has taught so much that "some believe that The way of talking to Khaghani has reached its peak (Awfi, 1983: 708). Today, we have received more than 20,000 verses from her, of which only 547 verses are in Arabic (see. Mir Qadari, 2005: 546). And this statistic is 2.5% of the total poems of Khaghani. Although sonnet is the best form of sonnet and its lexical meaning (story of youth, lovemaking, conversation with women and their description) is a reason for this speech (see: Qais Razi, 1960: 358). And the introduction of the ghasideh s is also an arena for dealing with the passion of love (Dad, 2007: 133). But Khaghani's Arabic poems, compared to her 20,000 verses, are the best reflection of her lyrical thoughts. Because in fact Khaghani's Arabic poems are her hidden sun, the author in this article, by examining and analyzing these poems, seeks to know what are the Lyrical themes of Khaghani's Arabic poems and how can they be categorized? Research Method The author seeks to reveal the lyrical themes of Shervani's poet in a descriptive-analytical manner and takes another step in showing this unknown and hidden sun of Khaghani and from the peak of the most lyrical. The performance of Khaghani's ideas acquaints the readers with his spirits and emotions and his most mysterious words. Discussion Those Khaghani Arabic poems that have reached us today have a special lyrical status. The poet's tone in addressing his feelings emphasizes the emotional function of the word. . According to literary critics, "the one whose emotions are dominant, his expression is full of pimples and inflammation, and the one whose intellect and logic are dominant, his expression is moderate" (Zarrinkoob, 2002: 176). Khaghani, with his eloquent and inflammatory expression, has revealed the pleasant and unpleasant of lyrical elements with the help of various tricks; In such a way that among these forty pieces of current poetry, few poems can be found that are completely devoid of lyrical themes, so Khaghani's Arabic poems can be considered a special mirror that better reflects his inner self. Studies show that Adib Shervani in his Arabic poems reflects the pleasant themes of the lyric poems better than his other works. Pleasant topics such as love and youth, wine celebrations, wishes, bragging, praise and congratulations. Khaghani also discusses the themes of lyric poems such as aging and disability, biography, dissatisfaction (sadness, pain, crying and wailing), illness, despair and pessimism, humiliation and insult, three types of fear (fear of the enemy, fear of disaster). . Time (and fear of poverty), displacement and loneliness and confusion and finally mourning speaks for itself. Of course, he also talks about other topics such as prayer, mysticism and homeland. Conclusion The lyrical themes of Khaghani's Arabic poems can be divided into two categories, pleasant and unpleasant, the second of which is broader. One of the pleasant themes of Khaghani's Arabisc poems is the love of beauties and youth, which is evident in the lyric and introduction of qasideh s . The arrogant poet describes his superiority by giving a new meaning to the lyrical appearance of wine. This eloquent writer uses his wishful thinking to express his wishes about Mamdouh in order to have a greater impact on his soul and psyche. Khaghani, with his tendency towards the first person and the repetition of "I", often provides the ground for arrogance. He sings the most passionate example of praise for others to the Prophet. Congratulations are one of the most pleasing themes in lyrical literature, which expresses the rich taste and talent of the poet in these poems. Addressing old age and disability is a large part of the unpleasant themes of Khaghani Arabic poetry. To the extent that these poems can be called "Nafsat al-Masdoor" by Khaghani. He complains about his compatriots and is very sad about Khaqan, but he hides this sadness under the cover of the Arabic language in order to save his life. Another unpleasant lyric theme is the recollection of bitter memories of 549 and getting caught in tuberculosis This narcissistic poet does not forget to humiliate and slander other poets in Arabic. Khaghani addresses his fears in three categories: fears of Shervani ill-wishers, events of the time, and poverty. The mourning poet mentions the death of Caliph Al-Mustanjad Ballah in 566. In addition to these pleasant and unpleasant themes, other themes such as prayer, mysticism and praise of the homeland are also seen in his Arabic poems. 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