تحلیل جامعه شناختی زباله ریزی در بین گردشگران (مطالعه موردی: استان مازندران) (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
امروزه زباله پراکنی به عنوان یکی از مهم ترین مسائل زیست محیطی، اجتماعی و زیباشناسی در سراسر جهان مطرح است. زباله پراکنی مصداقی است از بی نظمی اجتماعیشهروندان، در حوزه ی شهروندی محیط زیست که موجب تشدید مسائل مربوط به زباله در فضاهای شهری و عمومی شده است. به همین خاطر، هدف تحقیق حاضر بررسی جامعه شناختی زباله پراکنی در بین گردشگران استان مازندران و عوامل مؤثر بر آن، با رویکردی تلفیقی است. روش تحقیق از نوع پیمایشی و ابزار سنجش آن پرسشنامه ی محقق ساخته است. جامعه ی آماری شامل کلیه ی گردشگرانی داخلی است که در تابستان 1393 وارد استان مازندران شده اند. حجم نمونه ی آماری بر اساس فرمول کوکران تعداد 385 نفر برآورد شده است. اطلاعات با استفاده از پرسشنامه، به طور تصادفی (نمونه ی در دسترس) در بین گردشگران کنار ساحل، پارک های جنگلی استان مازندران جمع آوری گردید. در این تحقیق نظریه ی تلفیقی تری اندیس در مورد رفتار (TIB) به عنوان چارچوب نظری است. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد که رفتار زباله پراکنی با متغیرهایی چون نگرش زیست محیطی، ضعف هنجاری، عدم احساس مسئولیت، احساس منفی نسبت به زباله، زباله پراکنی از دیگران، عادت، گمنامی، فقدان خدمات رابطه ی معناداری دارد. نتیجه آزمون مدل ساختاری نشان می دهد که متغیر های فوق توانستند 37 درصد از تغییرات رفتار زباله پراکنی را تبیین کنند.Sociological Explanation of Littering by Tourists (Case Study:Province of Mazandaran)
ExtendedAbstract Nowadays, Littering is considered as one of the most important environmental, social as well as aesthetic problem throughout the world. Littering is evidence of citizens' social disorder in environmental citizenship that in public and urban areas tends to exacerbate the problems of waste. The main purpose of this study is providing a sociological explanation of the act of littering among tourists of Mazandaran province and its affective factors. The method of the research is survey and data is collected from 385 tourists of Mazandaran province by questionnaires with multi-stage cluster sampling. After gathering information, Research hypotheses were analyzed by using SPSS and Amos. Theoretical Framework in the research is Theory interpersonal behavior (TIB). The data present that % 50/4 respondents are female and %49/6 male and the average age is 30 years. This study has shown that tourists littering scale is average level to upward. The results of the Pearson correlation there is significant relation between environmental attitudes, Weakness of social norms, responsibility, littering by others, the habit, anonymity, Absence of services with littering. All of the main variables in this research can explain percent 37 from changing in dependent variable (littering). Introduction Nowadays, with the increasing population, urbanization and growing consumerism, has increased the amount of produced waste. Moreover, littering in Urban and public spaces have been exacerbated the problems related to waste. Littering poses as one of most important problems of environmental, social, and aesthetics in throughout the world. Littering is evidence of citizens' social disorder in environmental citizenship that in public and urban areas have been exacerbated the problems of waste. The main purpose of this study is Sociological explanation of littering among Tourists of Mazandaran province and the affective factors on it. What is littering? Whilst there is no official definition of litter, the broadly accepted definition of litter (as used by ENCAMS and Keep Britain Tidy) is ‘waste in the wrong place caused by human agency’. This means that littering behaviors are more complex than might be expected; in addition to simply ‘dropping’ litter, it includes other sub-behaviors such as folding Rapid Evidence Review of Littering Behavior and Anti-Litter Policies litter up and tucking it into small spaces, placing litter down carefully in a chosen location, and leaving litter nearby for a length of time before abandoning it. Materials and Methods The method of the research is survey and data is collected from 385 tourists of Mazandaran province by questionnaires with multi-stage cluster sampling. After gathering information, Research hypotheses were analyzed by using SPSS and Amos. Dependent variable in the research is littering and independent variables include: environmental attitudes, Weakness of social norms, responsibility, littering by others, the habit, anonymity, Absence of services. Discussion and Results This study has shown that tourists littering scale is average level to upward. The data in this study were collected between 385 tourists of Mazandaran province. The data present that % 50/4 respondents are female and %49/6 male and the average age is 30 years. It was determined on the basis of data obtained from independent variables; about 47 percent of respondents in the average are their environmental attitudes. About 70 percent of respondents have Weak social norms in the littering context. Responsible feel is for half of the respondents in the average. Over 35% of respondents are habit to littering. More than half the respondents, 74% agree with the loss of services. The results of the pearsonian correlation there is significant relation between environmental attitudes, Weakness of social norms, responsibility, littering by others, the habit, anonymity, Absence of services with littering. All of the main variables in this research can explain percent 37 from changing in dependent variable (littering). Conclusions Littering is one of the important problems in our society.it has imposed much costs to society. A key to the success of any litter prevention activity is to clean up and remove existing litter. Reducing the amount of existing litter in a location is a surefire way to reduce the rate of littering behavior.so it is necessary that change attitude of people toward environment and increase knowledge about pollution risks. One way to promote individual-level motivations is through outreach and media messages. References: Arafat, H.A., Al-Kathhib, I.A., Daoud, R. and Shwahneh, H. (2007). 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